Figure 5

Shows, in descending order, the diversity contribution of each activity (bars) towards the diversity between layers for two attributes: discipline (A) and sector (B). The orange line represents the cumulative diversity between layers as it grows with the contribution of each project activity. The blue dash line shows the global diversity between layers for that attribute. The diversity contribution of each activity (i.e., each bar) is calculated through a series of pairwise comparisons between that activity, and each activity to its left. For example, in figure A, the diversity contribution of papers is determined by making pairwise comparisons between papers and meetings, papers and proposals and papers and group-model building activities, and then aggregating this information into a single score using the layer reduction method. (A) Group model building, and proposals are the largest contributors to between layer diversity in discipline by bringing the 27% of the global diversity, while (B) Group model building, and meetings contribute most to between layer diversity across sector by bringing the 35% of the global diversity. Note: the remaining attributes, including, gender, country, city, career stage, and research topic are not depicted as the contribution of each activity towards the diversity between layers for these attributes closely resembles the patterns observed for discipline, shown in figure (A).