Table 2 Clinical information for COVID-19 patients.

From: Serum lipid mediator profiles in COVID-19 patients and lung disease severity: a pilot study

 

Mild (n = 8)

Moderate (n = 8)

Severe (n = 8)

P -value

Comorbidities

 Diabetes

1 (12.5%)

2 (25.0%)

1 (12.5%)

1.000

 Hypertension

3 (37.5%)

3 (37.5%)

6 (75.5%)

0.386

 Cardiovascular disease

3 (37.5%)

1 (12.5%)

2 (25.0%)

0.837

 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

0 (0.0%)

2 (25.0%)

1 (12.5%)

0.747

 Malignancy

1 (12.5%)

0 (0.0%)

2 (25.0%)

0.747

 Chronic renal disease

3 (37.5%)

1 (12.5%)

1 (12.5%)

0.577

 Dyslipidemia

3 (37.5%)

2 (25.0%)

3 (37.5%)

1.000

 Stroke (ACV)

0 (0.0%)

2 (25.0%)

0 (0.0%)

0.304

Signs and symptoms

 Fever

8 (100.0%)

6 (75.0%)

6 (75.5%)

0.494

 Cough

6 (75.5%)

5 (62.5%)

4 (50.0%)

0.866

 Sputum production

3 (37.5%)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

0.083

 Skin exanthem

1 (12.5%)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

1.000

 Dyspnoea

5 (62.5%)

3 (37.5%)

3 (37.5%)

0.670

 Pneumonia

4 (50.0%)

5 (62.5%)

7 (87.5%)

0.163

 Diarrhoea

2 (25.0%)

2 (25.0%)

2 (25.0%)

1.000

 Myalgia or fatigue

3 (37.5%)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

0.083

 Headache

1 (12.5%)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

1.000

 Odynophagia

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

1 (12.5%)

1.000

 Hemoptysis

1 (12.5%)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

1.000

 Dysgeusia

0 (0.0%)

1 (12.5%)

1 (12.5%)

1.000

 Tachypnea

0 (0.0%)

1 (12.5%)

0 (0.0%)

1.000

 Asthenia

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

1 (12.5%)

1.000

Treatmenta

 Antiviral therapy

(lopinavir/ritonavir, remdesivir)

2 (33.3%)

3 (37.5%)

6 (100.0%)

0.030b

0.028c

 Antibiotic therapy

(ceftriaxone, azithromycin)

1 (16.7%)

6 (75.0%)

2 (33.3%)

0.136

 Anticoagulants (bemiparin, enoxaparin)

1 (16.7%)

3 (37.5%)

1 (16.7%)

0.675

 Immunomodulators

5 (83.3%)

3 (37.5%)

5 (83.3%)

0.179

 Anti-cytokines (Tocillizumab)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

1 (16.7%)

0.600

 Corticosteroids (dexamethasone, prednisone)

3 (50.0%)

3 (37.5%)

3 (50.0%)

1.000

 Hydroxychloroquine

3 (50.0%)

3 (37.5%)

3 (50.0%)

1.000

 Interferons

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

1 (16.7%)

0.600

Exitus, n (%)

0 (0.0%)

3 (37.5%)

6 (75.0%)

0.003b

  1. Patients’ data were compared using Fisher’s exact test. Categorical variables are given as number and percentage of patients, n (%). (a) Information was missing for 2 mild and 2 severe patients. Percentages in these cases are calculated for n = 6. Fisher’s exact test was applied (b) between mild and severe COVID-19 groups and (c) between moderate and severe COVID-19 groups (no significant differences between the other groups). The absence of superscript numbers in P-values indicates that comparisons were made between the three groups.
  2. Significant values are in [bold].
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