Figure 1

Schematic diagram of experimental stimuli and procedure. In the Induction phase, eight visible McGurk stimuli with different speakers were sequentially presented (once per speaker) to induce the McGurk effects and the aftereffects. In the Test phase, eight invisible face stimuli with different speakers (visual [ga] and visual [ba] for the Incongruent Invisible and Congruent Invisible conditions, respectively) or no stimuli (No Face condition) were sequentially presented with the dynamic mask. In both Induction and Test phase the participants were instructed to judge which syllable they had heard—'ba’, ‘da’, or ‘ga’—and whether they saw the speaker’s face during the trial. Note that the data for the Induction phase were regarded as the baseline, Incongruent Visible condition.