Figure 5

Diagrams of (a–c) force F, (d–f) capillary volume V, (g–i) diameter of the de-wetted area on the superamphiphobic surface dc, (j–l) angle β defining the de-wetted area on the particle and microscopic contact angles at the gas–liquid interface of the particle θp (m–o), and on the superamphiphobic surface θs (p–r) as a function of separation D for measurements in water, ethylene glycol and hexadecane. Error bars show the standard deviations. The piezo expansion rate was 0.2 µm s−1.