Table 1 Result of validation and test using five pre-trained CNN models.

From: Construction of deep learning-based disease detection model in plants

Step

Crop

Pre-trained model

Accuracy

Validation

Test

I

Crop classification

All

ResNet50

92.34%

91.84%

AlexNet

97.62%

96.87%

GoogleNet

98.16%

99.08%

VGG19

96.86%

98.71%

EfficientNet

98.54%

99.33%

II

Disease detection

Bell Pepper

ResNet50

100.00%

98.32%

AlexNet

98.96%

99.16%

GoogleNet

100.00%

100.00%

VGG19

99.74%

99.58%

EfficientNet

99.48%

99.58%

Potato

ResNet50

100.00%

99.45%

AlexNet

99.31%

98.90%

GoogleNet

99.66%

99.45%

VGG19

100.00%

100.00%

EfficientNet

100.00%

99.45%

Tomato

ResNet50

99.68%

99.75%

AlexNet

99.53%

99.45%

GoogleNet

99.62%

99.62%

VGG19

99.12%

99.62%

EfficientNet

99.62%

98.23%

III

Disease classification

Potato

ResNet50

99.25%

98.80%

AlexNet

98.88%

99.40%

GoogleNet

99.63%

99.40%

VGG19

99.63%

99.40%

EfficientNet

97.75%

99.40%

Tomato

ResNet50

92.92%

87.80%

AlexNet

92.47%

95.45%

GoogleNet

94.29%

95.81%

VGG19

95.66%

95.08%

EfficientNet

96.35%

97.09%