Table 7 Results of direct and indirect effects.
From: The spatial spillover effect of ICT development level on regional CO2 emissions
Variables | Direct effect | Indirect effects | Total effect | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Coefficient | Z-value | Coefficient | Z-value | Coefficient | Z-value | |
ICT | − 0.704*** | − 6.94 | 1.421* | 1.89 | 0.717 | 0.96 |
hca | 0.0232*** | 3.90 | − 0.195 | − 1.40 | − 0.172 | − 1.23 |
fdi | 0.0238 | 0.13 | − 7.677** | − 2.21 | − 7.654** | − 2.20 |
fex | − 0.0225 | − 0.74 | − 0.149 | − 0.28 | 0.171 | − 0.33 |
gdp | 0.0832*** | 5.55 | 0.161 | 1.25 | 0.244* | 1.91 |
hos | 0.0837*** | 3.86 | − 0.149 | − 1.26 | − 0.652 | − 0.55 |
ere | 0.0225*** | 4.41 | − 0.0407 | − 0.88 | − 0.0182 | − 0.39 |
