Table 1 Configuration of the PP schemes for the WRF-ARW simulations.

From: Aeolus winds impact on volcanic ash early warning systems for aviation

PP

Schemes

Refs

Microphysics (MP)

Thompson

64

Surface layer (SFL)

Monin–Obukhov (Janjic Eta)

65

Planetary boundary layer (PBL)

Mellor–Yamada–Janjic (MYJ)

66

Cumulus parameterization (CUM)

Tiedtke

67

Longwave and shortwave radiation (RAD)

Rapid radiative transfer model (RRTMG)

68

Land surface (LSM)

NOAH

69

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