Figure 5

CBD increases nuclear localization of the antioxidant response-regulating transcription factor pNRF2. (A), Images within song regions were taken from tissue collected 24 h after unilateral HVC lesions. Top row (a-f) is pNRF2 staining. Bottom row (g-l) is pNRF2 staining in red merged with that of Hoechst nuclear staining in blue. (B), pNRF2 nuclear staining in song regions of interest expressed as a percentage of total nuclear staining. Results indicate CBD treatment significantly increased nuclear pNRF2 within HVC, RA and Area X consistent with antioxidant responses. Image J software was used to analyze z-stack images projected at maximum intensity and threshold was applied consistently across all images. Group differences were determined using mixed-models ANOVA followed by Sidak-corrected post-hoc comparisons for n = 4 per group.