Table 3 Descriptive G-STRIDE IMU mean parameters.

Total distance (m)

1,006.5 (610.4)/[73.0|2,684.8]

1,321.4 (614.3)/[220.3|2,684.8]

724.5 (449.9)/[73.0|2,636.1]

\(\mathbf{<0.001}\)

Total time (s)

1,281.6 (424.2)/[338.6|2,184.4]

1,443.5 (397.3)/[338.6|2,184.4]

1,136.6 (396.0)/[369.0|1,921.0]

\(\mathbf{<0.001}\)

Total steps

1,082.6 (413.6)/[213.0|2,185.0]

1,268.6 (373.8)/[328.0|1,925.0]

916.2 (376.6)/[213.0|2,185.0]

\(\mathbf{<0.001}\)

Gait cycle time—GCT (s)

1.2 (0.2)/[0.9|1.7]

1.2 (0.1)/[1.0|1.6]

1.3 (0.2)/[0.9|1.7]

\(\mathbf{<0.001}\)

Stance-pushing time (% GCT)

17.8 (2.7)/[8.1|26.8]

18.6 (2.7)/[12.6|26.8]

17.0 (2.6)/[8.1|24.6]

\(\mathbf{<0.001}\)

Swing (% GCT)

28.3 (3.5)/[16.1|34.8]

30.0 (2.3)/[23.8|34.1]

26.8 (3.7)/[16.1|34.8]

\(\mathbf{<0.001}\)

Stance-loading time (% GCT)

11.0 (2.3)/[4.1|16.6]

11.8 (2.3)/[6.5|16.6]

10.2 (2.2)/[4.1|15.4]

\(\mathbf{<0.001}\)

Stance-FootFlat time (% GCT)

43.0 (7.6)/[26.7|69.8]

39.4 (6.1)/[26.8|53.8]

46.2 (7.5)/[26.7|69.8]

\(\mathbf{<0.001}\)

Toe off angle (deg)

-52.3 (13.5)/[-84.2|-19.2]

-58.7 (13.2)/[-84.2|-26.3]

-46.7 (11.2)/[-71.7|-19.2]

\(\mathbf{<0.001}\)

Heel strike angle (deg)

14.8 (7.0)/[0.0|38.0]

17.9 (7.0)/[4.0|38.0]

12.0 (5.6)/[0.0|27.1]

\(\mathbf{<0.001}\)

Cadence (steps/min)

49.2 (7.5)/[24.0|66.4]

52.1 (5.8)/[38.6|62.9]

46.6 (8.0)/[24.0|66.4]

\(\mathbf{<0.001}\)

StepSpeed (m/s)

0.8 (0.3)/[0.1|1.6]

1.0 (0.3)/[0.4|1.6]

0.7 (0.2)/[0.1|1.6]

\(\mathbf{<0.001}\)

StrideLength—SL (m)

0.9 (0.3)/[0.3|1.5]

1.0 (0.2)/[0.5|1.5]

0.8 (0.2)/[0.3|1.4]

\(\mathbf{<0.001}\)

3D path (m)

1.0 (0.3)/[0.3|1.7]

1.1 (0.3)/[0.5|1.7]

0.9 (0.2)/[0.3|1.4]

\(\mathbf{<0.001}\)

2D path (m)

0.9 (0.3)/[0.3|1.6]

1.1 (0.3)/[0.5|1.6]

0.8 (0.2)/[0.3|1.4]

\(\mathbf{<0.001}\)

Clearance (m)

0.16 (0.12)/[0.02|0.55]

0.20 (0.14)/[0.06|0.52]

0.13 (0.09)/[0.02|0.55]

\(\mathbf{<0.001}\)

Velocity (m/s)

0.8 (0.3)/[0.1|1.5]

0.9 (0.3)/[0.4|1.5]

0.6 (0.2)/[0.1|1.4]

\(\mathbf{<0.001}\)