Table 3 Pretreatment-to-posttreatment changes of soft tissue, airway and hyoid bone variables.

From: Evaluation of pharyngeal airway space after orthodontic extraction treatment in class II malocclusion integrating with the subjective sleep quality assessment

Variables

Normodivergent nonextraction

Normodivergent extraction

Hyperdivergent extraction

p-value‡

p-valueғ

T0

T1

∆T

SD

p-value†

T0

T1

∆T

SD

p-value†

T0

T1

∆T

SD

p-value†

  

Mean

SD

Mean

SD

Mean

SD

Mean

SD

Mean

SD

Mean

SD

Soft tissues

 Uvula length

35.18

4.01

35.77

3.86

0.59

1.50

0.039*

35.74

4.20

36.31

3.59

0.57

1.32

NS

33.91

3.99

34.92

4.79

1.01

1.42

0.001*

NS

NS

 Uvula angulation

126.16

6.04

127.18

5.79

1.02

2.95

NS

126.70

4.62

127.98

3.74

1.28

4.19

NS

125.57

5.55

127.07

5.41

1.51

2.97

0.016*

NS

NS

 Sn-UL

4.55

2.14

3.17

2.33

-1.38

1.44

0.000**

5.37

2.01

1.85

2.11

-3.52

2.08

0.000**

4.20

1.96

0.90

2.40

-3.30

1.61

0.000**

NS

0.000**

 Sn-LL

0.54

3.05

-0.10

3.14

-0.64

2.15

NS

2.18

2.82

-1.76

2.35

-3.93

2.60

0.000**

0.68

3.14

-3.47

2.80

-4.15

1.76

0.000**

NS

0.000**

 Sn-Pog

-8.70

4.69

-8.73

5.19

-0.03

1.65

NS

-9.90

6.21

-10.61

4.63

-0.71

4.24

NS

-13.73

5.11

-14.20

4.89

-0.47

1.53

NS

0.002*

NS

Airway and hyoid bone variables

Airway1

24.19

3.17

24.02

2.72

-0.17

1.63

NS

24.07

2.87

24.40

2.62

0.32

1.05

NS

23.22

3.25

23.36

3.11

0.14

0.82

NS

NS

NS

Airway2

26.20

3.25

26.64

3.23

0.44

1.54

NS

26.62

2.90

27.14

3.00

0.53

1.46

NS

24.73

3.32

24.88

3.81

0.15

1.44

NS

NS

NS

Airway3

13.63

2.60

13.30

2.89

-0.34

1.58

NS

13.60

3.05

13.45

2.55

-0.16

1.38

NS

13.40

2.43

12.68

2.12

-0.72

1.91

NS

NS

NS

Airway4

11.63

2.45

11.52

2.41

-0.11

1.67

NS

11.67

2.82

11.24

2.65

-0.43

1.94

NS

11.13

3.03

10.53

2.87

-0.60

2.11

NS

NS

NS

Airway5

11.38

3.03

11.33

2.53

-0.06

2.01

NS

12.13

2.74

11.29

2.95

-0.84

2.40

NS

11.40

3.53

10.88

3.08

-0.52

2.27

NS

NS

NS

Airway6

16.89

2.93

17.39

2.68

0.50

1.46

NS

17.87

2.48

17.73

2.16

-0.14

2.03

NS

17.33

2.45

17.68

3.15

0.35

2.02

NS

NS

NS

H-RGN

36.16

5.47

36.17

5.95

0.01

3.64

NS

36.68

4.70

37.02

4.06

0.34

3.86

NS

34.02

4.11

34.32

5.97

0.29

3.93

NS

NS

NS

H-C3

35.86

3.54

36.63

3.68

0.77

1.70

0.020*

35.25

3.93

35.02

3.57

-0.23

1.88

NS

33.98

3.69

34.87

3.71

0.89

1.85

0.022*

NS

NS

H-MP

11.18

4.78

11.26

6.24

0.08

3.59

NS

11.26

6.17

11.61

6.06

0.35

3.66

NS

11.72

4.21

12.43

3.72

0.70

3.39

NS

NS

NS

H-S

110.23

9.42

110.94

10.06

0.71

3.50

NS

107.34

8.02

108.47

8.62

1.13

4.52

NS

105.06

7.03

106.09

5.93

1.03

3.93

NS

NS

NS

  1. NS not significant.
  2. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.001.
  3. †Paired t test was performed for pretreatment-to-posttreatment changes (T0 to T1) within groups.
  4. ‡One-way ANOVA was performed for intergroup differences in pretreatment (T0) variables.
  5. ғOne-way ANOVA was performed for intergroup differences in pretreatment-to-posttreatment changes (∆T).
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