Table 4 Subgroup analysis of hemodynamic outcomes between the two groups.

From: Autonomic responses during bladder hydrodistention under general versus spinal anaesthesia in patients with interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome: a randomized clinical trial

 

GA group

(n = 12)

SA group

(n = 18)

Median, mean, or proportion difference [95% CI]

P value

Differences between max and baseline

 ΔSBP (mmHg)

77.5 [21.0–86.5]

2.0 [− 4.0 to 6.0]

− 75.5 [− 85.5, − 19.0]

 < 0.001

 SBP increase > 20%

9 (75.0%)

0 (0.0%)

− 75.0% [− 91.1%, − 41.7%]

 < 0.001

 ΔDBP (mmHg)

43.0 [17.5–55.5]

3.0 [− 2.0 to 6.0]

− 40.0 [− 53.0, − 13.5]

 < 0.001

 ΔMBP (mmHg)

56.0 [12.0–65.0]

1.0 [− 1.0 to 10.0]

− 55.0 [− 65.0, − 9.0]

0.001

 ΔHR (beat per min)

22.6 ± 19.9

3.5 ± 14.9

− 19.1 [− 33.2, − 5.0]

0.006

HRV before bladder hydrodistention

 RMSSD (ms)

11.4 [6.1–15.2]

19.3 [13.2–29.4]

7.9 [− 0.9, 20.5]

0.080

 SDNN (ms)

10.2 [6.5–23.8]

20.5 [15.2–32.8]

10.3 [− 3.9, 23.3]

0.285

 LF/HF ratio

2.5 [1.3–6.8]

2.3 [0.5–12.8]

− 0.2 [− 5.1, 7.7]

0.849

HRV after bladder hydrodistention

 RMSSD (ms)

9.7 [7.1–12.5]

20.6 [15.1–44.7]

10.9 [4.2, 34.9]

0.010

 SDNN (ms)

13.7 [8.4–18.0]

18.5 [11.8–38.3]

4.9 [− 4.3, 26.9]

0.238

 LF/HF ratio

2.4 [0.4–14.1]

1.4 [0.4–3.5]

− 1.1 [− 13.2, 1.5]

0.495

  1. GA, general anaesthesia; SA, spinal anaesthesia; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; MBP, mean blood pressure; HR, heart rate; RMSSD, root-mean-square of successive differences; SDNN, standard deviation of normal-to-normal interval; LF/HF ratio, low-frequency/high-frequency ratio.
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