Table 1 Characteristics of participants.

From: Olfactory brain activations in patients with Major Depressive Disorder

 

Healthy controls (n = 21)

MDD patients (n = 21)

d

p

Mean

SD

Mean

SD

Age (years)

38.8

12.1

39.2

12.0

− 0.03

0.98

BDI-II depression score

2.7

2.5

29.6

9.2

− 4.00

 < 0.001

SHAPS pleasure scale

1.1

2.4

5.4

3.2

− 1.52

 < 0.001

Odor threshold

10.4

2.5

9.0

3.2

0.48

0.13

Odor identification

13.8

1.8

13.7

1.2

0.06

0.84

Odor discrimination

9.0

0.0

8.6

0.6

0.68

0.002

OB volume

45.0

12.7

50.3

12.5

− 0.42

0.182

 

Mean

SD

Mean

SD

r

p

Odor discrimination

9.0

0.0

8.6

0.6

0.68

0.002

  1. Patients showed reduced scores for olfactory threshold and identification. However, this difference could not be proven as significant. Patients performed significantly worse in the odor discrimination task. No significant group difference was observed for the OB volume.
  2. MDD patients diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder, BDI-II Beck Depression Inventory-II; SHAPS = Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale, SD standard deviation; p as tested with the t-test for independent samples respectively the Mann–Whitney U test; d Cohen’s d, r rank-biserial correlation.
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