Scientific Reports

Table 2 Effect of odor presentation in both groups.

From: Olfactory brain activations in patients with Major Depressive Disorder

		Healthy controls					MDD patients
		MNI Coord.			k	T	MNI Coord.			k	T
		x	y	z	k	T	x	y	z	k	T
Primary olfactory area
Piriform Cortex	R	20	0	− 14	23	6.24	20	0	− 14	33	7.58
Piriform Cortex	L	− 18	0	− 16	19	6.14	− 18	0	− 16	19	6.14
Entorhinal Cortex	R	22	0	− 16	17	6.01	22	0	− 16	18	7.34
Entorhinal Cortex	L	− 24	2	− 18	53	8.18	− 24	2	− 18	45	7.67
Amygdala	R	20	− 2	− 16	23	6.27	20	− 2	− 16	33	7.15
Amygdala	L	− 22	− 4	− 16	46	6.57	− 14	− 4	− 16	21	6.54
Secondary olfactory area
Thalamus	R	8	− 2	4	34	5.77
Thalamus	L	− 12	− 4	8	9	4.87
Anterior Insula	R	38	8	− 12	191	8.21	36	8	− 14	63	6.60
	R	− 38	4	− 10	127	8.13	44	18	− 6	3	4.67
	L	− 38	− 6	8	17	4.91	− 28	8	− 18	8	5.43
	L	− 34	22	0	18	4.91
Posterior Insula	R	38	6	− 14	45	7.58	36	6	− 14	9	6.03
Posterior Insula	L	− 38	2	− 10	40	7.79
Hippocampus	R						22	− 14	− 14	7	5.68
Hippocampus	L	− 14	− 10	− 16	5	5.38
Orbitofrontal Cortex (OFC)	R	22	30	− 14	7	5.09	26	30	− 14	8	5.16
	R	24	8	− 18	7	4.87	24	8	− 18	3	5.12
	R	46	50	− 10	6	4.80
	R	38	26	− 10	2	4.66
	L	− 24	36	− 12	67	6.66	− 26	8	− 22	6	5.71
	L	− 24	8	− 16	6	5.89	− 24	34	− 12	23	5.30
	L	− 42	52	− 10	15	5.04
Whole brain analysis (k = 5)
TrIFG (BA45)	R	42	44	2	175	6.65
TrIFG (BA45)	L	− 44	42	6	263	6.44
OrIFG (BA47)	R	44	24	− 8	38	5.14	48	22	− 8	4	4.83
OpIFG	R	52	14	4	71	5.22
	R	56	26	12	12	5.18
	L	− 52	12	0	12	4.90
Middle frontal gyrus (MFG)	R	46	48	4	461	7.25
Middle frontal gyrus (MFG)	L	− 38	38	12	413	6.46
Central operculum	R	46	− 4	14	10	4.78
Central operculum	L	− 38	0	16	5	4.78
Frontal operculum	R	56	12	0	43	5.01
Frontal operculum	L	− 50	14	− 2	3	4.74
Caudate	R	12	2	10	23	5.21
Pallidum	L	− 22	− 8	− 8	6	5.15

Group differences in activation	Healthy controls > MDD patients						MDD patients > Healthy controls
		MNI Coord.			k	T	MNI Coord.			k	T
		x	y	z	k	T	x	y	z	k	T
Primary olfactory area
	No suprathreshold cluster						No suprathreshold cluster
Secondary olfactory area
Orbitofrontal cortex	L	− 42	54	− 8	10	3.44
Whole brain analysis (k = 5)
TrIFG	R	42	44	2	15	3.85
Middle frontal gyrus	R	42	46	4	77	4.03

Brain activation in olfactory and depression-related brain areas after odor stimulation. Chosen contrast is pooled odors vs clean air baseline (Odors ON vs OFF). Further, brain activation for pooled odors as contrast between groups is displayed. Where cells are empty, no suprathreshold cluster was observed.
TrIFG Triangular part of the Inferior frontal gyrus, OrIFG Orbital part of the Inferior Frontal Gyrus, OrIFG Opercular part of the Inferior Frontal Gyrus; k Cluster size in Voxel; T Peak T Value, p_FWE < 0.05 for effect of odor presentation per group, p < 0.001(uncorr.) for pooled odors as contrast between groups, R Right, L Left.

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