Figure 4

(a) The rectified voltage response of the CS-TENG. (b) Charging characteristics of the various capacitors (0.22 µF, 1 µF, 10 µF, and 22 µF). (c) Charging and discharging of 1 µF capacitor. (d) The circuit diagram for the self-driven electronic devices (calculator and stopwatch) using CS-TENG and visual image of the self-driven calculator and stop watch. (e) The circuit diagram for LEDs application and the visual image of LEDs lit up using the CS-TENG.