Table 1 Summary of the selected papers on the energy consumption-CO2 emissions relationship.
From: The trilemma among CO2 emissions, energy use, and economic growth in Russia
Author(s) | Country | Period | Methodology | Findings |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Soytas and Sarı (2009) | Turkey | 1960–2000 | VAR, GC | EC⇑ CO2⇓ |
Apergis et al. (2010) | 19 developed and developing economies | 1984–2007 | Panel model | NCEC⇑ CO2⇓ |
Lin and Moubarak (2014) | China | 1977–2011 | JC, ARDL | REC⇎CO2 |
Jaforullah and King (2015) | USA | 1965–2012 | JC, VECM, GC | REC⇑ CO2⇓ |
Ben Jebli and Ben Youssef (2015) | Tunisia | 1980–2009 | ARDL, VECM | REC⇑ CO2⇓ NREC⇑ CO2⇑ |
Beşer and Beşer (2017) | Turkey | 1960–2015 | ARDL | EC⇑ CO2⇑ |
Boontome et al. (2017) | Thailand | 1971–2013 | Cointegration, causality | NREC⇑ CO2⇑ |
Mirzaei and Bekri (2017) | Iran | 2000–2025 | Simulation | EC⇑ CO2 ⇑ |
Zoundi (2017) | 25 selected African countries | 1980–2012 | Panel model | REC⇑ CO2⇓ |
Bekhet and Othman (2018) | Malaysia | 1971–2015 | ARDL, VECM, GC | REC⟺CO2 |
Sinha and Shahbaz (2018) | India | 1971–2015 | ARDL | REC⇑ CO2⇓ |
Waheed et al. (2018) | Pakistan | 1990–2014 | ARDL | EC⇑ CO2⇓ |
Belaïd and Zrelli (2019) | 9 Mediterranean countries | 1980–2014 | PMG, ARDL | REC⟺CO2 |
Danish et al. (2018) | Pakistan | 1990–2015 | ARDL, VECM | EC⇑ CO2 ⇑ |
Chontanawat (2020) | ASEAN | 1971–2015 | Cointegration, causality | EC⟺CO2 |
Kuşkaya and Bilgili (2020) | USA | 1989:1–2017:8 | Wavelet analysis | WNEC⇑ CO2⇓ |
Kim et al. (2020) | USA | 1973:1–2016:12 | ARDL | BEC⇑ CO2⇓ |
Saidi and Omri (2020) | 15 major renewable energy-consuming countries | 1990–2014 | FMOLS, VECM | REC⟺CO2 |
Kuşkaya (2022) | USA | 1989:1–2020:1 | Wavelet analysis | RSEC⇑ CO2⇓ |
Ozgur et al. (2022) | India | 1970–2016 | Fourier ARDL | NCEC⇑ CO2⇓ |
Adebayo et al. (2023) | BRICS countries | 1990:Q1:2019:Q4 | Wavelet analysis | NREC⇑ CO2⇑ |
Apergis et al. (2023) | Uzbekistan | 1985–2020 | ARDL | HEC⇑ CO2⇓ NREC⇑ CO2⇑ |
Kartal et al. (2023) | France | 1970–2021 | DYNARDL | NCEC⇑ CO2⇓ |
Kuşkaya et al. (2023) | USA | 1990:1–2022:6 | Wavelet analysis | TSEC⇑ CO2⇓ |
Mukhtarov et al. (2023) | Azerbaijan | 1993–2019 | DOLS | REC⇑ CO2⇓ |
