Table 9 Nonlinear Granger causality tests results.
From: The trilemma among CO2 emissions, energy use, and economic growth in Russia
LEU → LCO2E | LCO2E → LEU | LCO2E → LRGDPPC | LRGDPPC → LCO2E | LEU → LRGDPPC | LRGDPPC → LEU | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lag parameter | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
Granger causality index | 0.0201 | 0.0776 | 0.1422 | 0.0748 | 0.1163 | 0.0915 |
F test | 0.0135 (0.9999) | 0.0538 (0.9984) | 0.1019 (0.9916) | 0.0518 (0.9986) | 0.0822 (0.9951) | 0.0638 (0.9975) |
5% CVs | 6.163 | 6.163 | 6.163 | 6.163 | 6.163 | 6.163 |
