Table 5 Comparison of insulin resistance markers, oxidative stress marker and inflammatory markers in normal pregnant women (control group) and women with GDM (study group) at 36th week of gestation.

From: Inflammation and decreased cardiovagal modulation are linked to stress and depression at 36th week of pregnancy in gestational diabetes mellitus

Parameters

Control group (n = 164)

Study group (n = 176)

p value

Glucose-related parameters

 FBG (mg/dL)

86.17 ± 12.45

116.86 ± 16.62

 < 0.001

 Insulin (uIU/ml)

10.60 (5.10–16.80)

23.85 (16.38–31.29)

 < 0.001

 HOMA-IR

3.20 (1.10–5.20)

6.33 (4.16–9.03)

 < 0.001

 HbA1C (gm%)

5.18 ± 0.86

6.81 ± 1.19

 < 0.001

Oxidative stress marker

 MDA (μmol/L)

15.10 (11.20–19.80)

22.95 (17.62–25.60)

 < 0.001

Inflammatory markers

 IL-6 (pg/mL)

12.45 ± 3.05

20.12 ± 5.34

 < 0.001

 hsCRP (μmol/L)

3.10 (2.15–5.10)

7.28 (4.71–9.65)

 < 0.001

Endothelial dysfunction marker

 NO (µM/L)

30.80 ± 3.80

25.43 ± 2.83

 < 0.001

  1. The data presented are mean ± SD and median (IQR). Comparison was done by unpaired t test for parametric data and Mann Whitney U test for non-parametric data. P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
  2. FBG fasting blood glucose, HOMA-IR homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance, HbA1C glycated hemoglobin, MDA malondialdehyde, IL-6 interleukin-6, hsCRP high sensitive c-reactive protein, NO nitric oxide.
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