Table 1 Studies characteristics.
Study | Population | Stress test | Exercise | Reactivity results |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Included in qualitative and quantitative analysis | ||||
HT, 24 women + 31 men, 48 years, sedentary, overweight, rest BP: 142/95 | Public speaking Cold pressor Anger interview Mirror tracing | Aerobic (walk or cycle), 26 weeks, 03–04 times weekly, for 65 min, at 70–85% VO2max (195–260 min/week) | ↓SBP ↓DBP | |
NT, 22 men, 24 years, sedentary | Cold pressor Memory search Tone avoidance | Aerobic (run or aerobics class), 7 weeks, 4 times weekly, for 90 min, at moderate (2×) and high (2×) intensities (360 min/week) | ↔ SBP ↔ DBP | |
60 NT + 25 HT, women, 63 years, sedentary, family caregivers, rest BP: 120/69 | Public speaking | Aerobic (brisk walk), 52 weeks, 4 times weekly, for 30–40 min, at 60–75% HRreserve (120–160 min/week) | ↓SBP ↓DBP | |
NT + HT, 8 women + 17 men, 67 years, silent myocardial Ischemia, rest BP: 137/78 | Anger-recall task Arithmetic Role play | Aerobic (walk), 26 weeks, 3 times weekly, for 40 min, at 70% HRreserve (120 min/week) | ↔ SBP ↓DBP | |
HT, 23 men, 41 years, rest BP: 139/92 | Stroop color | Aerobic (walk or run), 12 weeks, 3 times weekly, for 45 min, at 40–50% (LI) or 70–80% (MO) VO2max (135 min/week) | LI: ↓SBP e ↓DBP. MO: ↔ SBP e ↓DBP | |
NT, 14 women + 16 men, 22 years, sedentary, rest BP: 119/75 | Arithmetic | Aerobic (run, cycle, swim, rowing, or stair climbing) or Resistance exercises, 6 weeks, 03–05 times weekly, for 40–45 min, at 70–85% HRmax or 8–12 repetitions (120–225 min/week) | Aerobic and resistance groups: ↓SBP e ↔ DBP | |
NT, 40 women + 43 men, 48 years, sedentary, rest BP: 112/65 | Arithmetic | Aerobic (brisk walk or run), 26 weeks, 5 times weekly, for 47–54 min, at 65–77% HRpeak (235–270 min/week) | ↔ SBP ↔ DBP | |
NT, 34 men, 25 years, sedentary, rest BP: 119/63 | Stroop color | Aerobic (cycle), 12 weeks, 3 times weekly, for 30 min, at 80–90% HRmax (90 min/week) | ↔ SBP ↔ DBP | |
HT, 11 women + 13 men, 64 years, rest BP: 130/73 | Arithmetic Cold pressor Hand grip | Hand grip, 10 weeks, 3 times weekly, for 12 min (4 × 2’/1’), at 30% maximum voluntary isometric contraction (36 min/week) | Arithmetic and hand grip: ↓SBP ↔ DBP. Cold: ↔ SBP ↔ DBP | |
HT, 16 women + 14 men, 42 years, sedentary, rest BP: 144/88 | Arithmetic | Aerobic (cycle), 8 weeks, 3 times weekly, for 30 min, at variable intensity (90 min/week) | ↔ SBP ↔ DBP | |
HT, 11 women + 44 men, 43 years, rest BP: 126/82 | Hand grip | Yoga, 12 weeks, 3 times weekly, for 45 min (135 min/week) | ↑DBP | |
14 women, 36 men, 49 years | Valsalva Hand grip Tilt test | Aerobic (walk/run), 12 weeks, 3 times weekly, for 40 min, at 60–75% HRmax (120 min/week) | ↓SBP | |
NT, 63 women, 56 men, 31 years, rest BP: 113/62 | Arithmetic Stroop color Orthostatic | Aerobic (12 weeks,4 times weekly, for 40-55 min, at 55–80% HRmax) | ↔ SBP ↔ DBP | |
HT, 14 patients, rest BP: 153/102 | Hand grip Tilt test | Yoga (6 weeks, 6 times weekly, for 30 min) | Hand grip: ↓SBP ↔ DBP, Tilt test: ↓SBP ↓DBP | |
NT, 60 men, 18–35 years, rest BP: 125/72 | Hand grip | Aerobic (walk/run, 12 weeks, alternate days, for 30 min, at 55–69% HRmax) | Hand grip: ↔ SBP ↓DBP | |
Included only in qualitative analysis | ||||
NT, 37 men, 42 years, rest BP: 123/75 | Arithmetic | 12 weeks of aerobic (walk or run, 3 times weekly, for 50 min, at 70% VO2max) or resistance (2 times weekly, 20 min of flexibility + 30 min of resistance exercise circuit) (150 min/week) | ↓SBP ↓DBP | |
NT, 46 pre- and post-menopausal women, 50 years, rest BP: 114/69 | Public speaking Cold pressor | 12 weeks of aerobic (walk or run, 3 times weekly, for 50 min, at 70% VO2max) or resistance (2 times weekly, 20 min of flexibility + 30 min of resistance exercise circuit) (150 min/week) | Cold: postmenopausal ↔ SBP ↓DBP, premenopausal ↔ SBP ↔ DBP. speech: both ↔ SBP ↔ DBP | |
16 NT + 11 HT, men, 41 years, rest BP: 135/89 | Attention task | 12 weeks of aerobic (walk, run, or stair climbing, 3 times weekly, for 50 min, at 70% VO2max) or resistance (2 times weekly, 20 min of flexibility + 30 min of resistance exercise circuit) (150 min/week) | ↔ SBP ↓DBP | |
NT, 36 men, 44 years, rest BP: 129/85 | Arithmetic | 12 weeks of aerobic (walk, run or stair climbing, 3 times weekly, for 50 min, at 70% VO2max) or resistance (2 times weekly, 20 min of flexibility + 30 min of resistance exercise circuit) (150 min/week) | Aerobic: ↓SBP ↓DBP Control: ↔ SBP ↓DBP | |
NT, 24 men, 33 years, sedentary, rest BP: 124/73 | Cold pressor Memory search Tone avoidance | Aerobic (run, jump, stair climbing, soccer or basketball), 32 weeks, self-selected frequency, for 120 min, at 70% HRmax (at least 120 min/week) | ↔ SBP ↔ DBP | |
NT, 38 women + 50 men, rest BP: 129/76 | Trier social stress test | Aerobic, 3 times weekly, 26 weeks, 45–60 min, 75% HRpeak (135–180 min/week) | ↔ SBP ↔ DBP | |
3 women + 38 men, Firefighters, rest MBP: 96 | Video-based strategy and tactics drill | Aerobic (rowing), 16 weeks, 4 times weekly, for 40 min, at variable intensity (160 min/week) | ↓MBP | |
NT, 14 women + 19 men, 51 years, obstructive sleep apnea, rest BP: 122/79 | Stroop color | Aerobic (cycle), 24 weeks, 3 times weekly, 5 min of stretching + 40 min of cycling (anaerobic threshold up to the respiratory compensation point) + 10 min of strengthening + 5 min of cool down | ↔ MBP | |
62a | NT, 80 participants, 18–50 years, healthy | Cold pressor | Yoga or aerobic (swim), 12 weeks | Cold: ↓SBP ↔ DBP |
