Table 1 Clinical and psychopathological characteristics of the sample, divided by groups.

From: Gut microbiota metabolites mediate the interplay between childhood maltreatment and psychopathology in patients with eating disorders

	AN (n = 21)	BN (n = 17)	BED (n = 9)	HCs (n = 28)	F
BMI (kg/m²)	15.96 ± 1.37^†‡§	25.27 ± 8.50^‡§	35.53 ± 8.45^§	20.73 ± 1.80	29.95***
SCL-90-R GSI	1.26 ± 0.71^§	1.38 ± 0.83^§	1.54 ± 1.09^§	0.43 ± 0.38	9.41***
EDE-Q dietary restraint	2.77 ± 2.20^§	2.83 ± 1.54^§	1.62 ± 1.91	0.48 ± 0.91	10.27***
EDE-Q eating concerns	2.07 ± 1.57^§	3.21 ± 1.60^§	3.45 ± 1.80^§	0.42 ± 0.59	14.39***
EDE-Q weight concerns	2.44 ± 1.81^‡§	3.59 ± 1.86^§	4.17 ± 1.02^§	0.72 ± 0.97	13.01***
EDE-Q shape concerns	2.82 ± 1.79^‡§	3.83 ± 2.02^§	4.67 ± 1.23^§	1.23 ± 1.34	8.78***
EDE-Q total score	2.52 ± 1.72^§	3.36 ± 1.46^§	3.48 ± 1.29^§	0.71 ± 0.90	13.88***
Binge eating frequency	3.93 ± 9.79^†	12.58 ± 12.06^§	11.88 ± 9.61^§	0.15 ± 0.46	6.02**
Compensatory exercise frequency	2.92 ± 8.15	7.33 ± 11.12^§	0.00 ± 0.00	0.08 ± 0.39	3.83*
Self-induced vomiting frequency	2.00 ± 5.18†	8.85 ± 12.21^‡§	0.00 ± 0.00	0.00 ± 0.00	6.69***
CTQ emotional neglect	10.53 ± 5.17‡	10.53 ± 4.91	15.50 ± 4.57^§	8.62 ± 3.10	2.94*
CTQ emotional abuse	7.76 ± 4.52	8.67 ± 5.59	10.75 ± 4.98	5.81 ± 1.47	2.26
CTQ sexual abuse	6.00 ± 2.35	6.53 ± 3.31	9.12 ± 5.69	5.19 ± 0.63	1.43
CTQ physical neglect	6.24 ± 2.02	7.27 ± 3.47	8.50 ± 3.96	5.58 ± 1.14	1.44
CTQ physical abuse	5.24 ± 0.83	6.93 ± 5.08	6.75 ± 4.30	5.23 ± 0.86	0.72
CTQ total score	42.94 ± 14.25^‡§	48.40 ± 18.84^§	59.75 ± 16.93^§	37.00 ± 6.23	2.90*
STAI state anxiety	49.06 ± 16.02^§	50.81 ± 16.49^§	52.88 ± 13.28^§	37.62 ± 10.14	4.07*
STAI trait anxiety	51.94 ± 13.00^§	51.25 ± 17.26	55.50 ± 11.07^§	41.12 ± 9.45	3.75*
EES anger	9.72 ± 10.50^‡	18.77 ± 15.85^§	28.38 ± 8.77^§	6.73 ± 8.28	4.74**
EES anxiety	8.56 ± 6.53^‡	14.38 ± 12.97^§	22.00 ± 6.63^§	5.62 ± 6.75	4.29**
EES depression	5.17 ± 4.09^†‡	10.54 ± 7.01^§	13.00 ± 6.07^§	4.88 ± 4.41	4.29**
EES total score	23.44 ± 20.24^‡	43.69 ± 34.38^§	63.38 ± 19.67^§	17.23 ± 18.32	4.87**

BMI body mass index, SCL-90-R GSI symptom checklist 90 revised global severity index, EDE-Q eating disorders examination questionnaire, CTQ childhood trauma questionnaire, STAI state-trait anxiety inventory, EES emotional eating scale.
BMI-adjusted comparisons are reported, with post hoc indicated using the following symbols: ^† (significantly different than BN), ^‡ (significantly different than BED), ^§ (significantly different than HCs); p-values: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.

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Table 1 Clinical and psychopathological characteristics of the sample, divided by groups.

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