Table 1 Percentages of coastlines showing positive trends in wave and surge parameters, and of sandy shorelines showing recession for world and continent coastline. For \(\Delta C_{D}\) only absolute values between 1 and 5 m/year considered, with values outside these limits being excluded from the percentage calculations.

From: An assessment of whether long-term global changes in waves and storm surges have impacted global coastlines

 

Sandy shoreline recession \(\Delta C_{D}\)

Increasing trend of \(\Delta C_{g} E\)

Increasing trend of \(\Delta H_{s}\)

Increasing trend of \(\Delta H_{s}^{95}\)

Increasing trend of \(\Delta N_{{H_{s}^{95} }}\)

Increasing trend of \(\Delta T_{m}\)

Increasing trend of \(\Delta \eta^{95}\)

Increasing trend of \(\Delta N_{\eta 95}\)

World coastline

47%

73%

74%

71%

61%

76%

70%

42%

South America coastline

West

42%

93%

97%

93%

39%

75%

63%

46%

East

49%

86%

77%

85%

68%

82%

86%

35%

North America coastline

West

62%

68%

82%

76%

55%

53%

86%

25%

East

50%

87%

82%

81%

63%

87%

84%

54%

Africa coastline

West

56%

92%

89%

79%

64%

80%

49%

45%

East

46%

99%

100%

93%

78%

99%

36%

36%

Australia coastline

West

46%

35%

20%

73%

16%

89%

79%

28%

East

47%

99%

99%

98%

56%

99%

36%

29%

Western Europe

West

48%

63%

50%

26%

63%

69%

51%

68%