Figure 1
Fracture generation and deformation model. (a) Surface roughness (α = 1 × 10−6 m3, β = 2.9. Vertical cross-section of a 3D fracture; scale exaggerated by a factor of ~ 2). (b) Geometric aperture distribution for “unmated” 3D fracture surfaces. Mean trends based on 100 realizations (markers: computed values; solid lines: fitted normal distribution). Black: α = 1 × 10–6 m3, β = 2.9, μh = 3.2 mm, sh = 1 mm; red: β = 2.9, α = 1 × 10–5 m3, μh = 10 mm, sh = 3.3 mm; green: α = 5 × 10–5 m3, β = 2.9, μh = 19.8 mm, sh = 6 mm. Fracture size: 0.1 × 0.1 m, cell size: 0.1 mm. (c) Contact model: Ac = Af (σ/σy).
