Table 5 Summary table of principal findings.

From: Chronic activation of human cardiac fibroblasts in vitro attenuates the reversibility of the myofibroblast phenotype

Cell type

Pre-treatment conditions

Treatment conditions

Outcomes

Proliferation

Myofibroblast markers

HCFs from patients with diabetic cardiomyopathy

Long-term culture on stiff substrates (3 GPa, ≤ 10 passages)

Stiff substrate (3 GPa) ± TGF-β ± TGF-βRi

No change

No change

Soft substrate (25 kPa, 2 kPa) ± TGF-β ± TGF-βRi

No change

No change

hiPSC-cFbs

Quiescent hiPSC-cFbs (2 week culture with TGF-βRi)

TGF-β

Reduced

Increased

TGF-βRi

No change

No change

Activated hiPSC-cFbs (2 week culture without TGF-βRi)

TGF-β

No change

No change

TGF-βRi

No change

No change

  1. hiPSC-cFbs human induced pluripotent stem cell derived cardiac fibroblasts, TGF-β transforming growth factor-beta, TGF-βRi transforming growth factor-beta receptor inhibitor.