Figure 1 | Scientific Reports

Figure 1

From: Impact of prophylactic hydroxychloroquine on ultrastructural impairment and cellular SARS-CoV-2 infection in different cells of bronchoalveolar lavage fluids of COVID-19 patients

Figure 1

Study design to evaluate the effect of prophylactic HCQ on the ultrastructure of various BALF cells. The BALF samples (32 samples) were collected from the intubated patients. The patients were finally grouped under the (a) Non-ARDS, HCQ− group (b) ARDS, HCQ− group and (c) ARDS, HCQ+ group. The mild COVID-19 patients (A) were intubated due to traumatic condition (not due to COVID-19 induced ARDS) but found COVID-19 positive through RT-PCR. The BALF of these patients were taken to explore the ultrastructural changes between the prophylactic HCQ+ and HCQ− groups. The three groups were selected to differentiate the effect of the prophylactic HCQ on the ultrastructural changes in ciliated epithelium, type 2 pneumocytes, alveolar macrophage, neutrophils, and non-nucleated cytoplasmic fragments) of the BALF. The number of patients recruited in this study was indicated along with each subgroup.

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