Figure 4 | Scientific Reports

Figure 4

From: Impact of prophylactic hydroxychloroquine on ultrastructural impairment and cellular SARS-CoV-2 infection in different cells of bronchoalveolar lavage fluids of COVID-19 patients

Figure 4

Macrophages/monocytes from the BALF of intubated COVID-19 patients. (a) Mild infection (non-ARDS) and HCQ− group (b) Severe infection (ARDS) patients without HCQ (HCQ−) and (c) Severe infection (ARDS) with prophylactic HCQ (HCQ+) group. The IF study showed a severe infection in all the patient groups, indicating the ineffective role of HCQ in the alveolar macrophage. SEM images showed multiple virus-like structures on the cell surface (arrows) with similar surface morphology in ARDS patients (b, c). TEM images reveal phagosomes on the cell cytoplasm with many viruses (arrows). There was similar ultrastructural damage in ARDS patient groups (b, c). The non-ARDS group (a) showed intact cellular ultrastructure even with higher infection. N Nucleus, M Mitochondria, RB Residual Body, P Phagosome, arrows SARS-CoV-2 virus.

Back to article page