Figure 5 | Scientific Reports

Figure 5

From: Impact of prophylactic hydroxychloroquine on ultrastructural impairment and cellular SARS-CoV-2 infection in different cells of bronchoalveolar lavage fluids of COVID-19 patients

Figure 5

Neutrophils from the BALF of intubated COVID-19 patient. (a) Mild infection (non-ARDS) HCQ− group (b) Severe infection (ARDS) patients without HCQ (HCQ−) and (c) Severe infection (ARDS) with prophylactic HCQ (HCQ+) group. Multilobed disintegrating nucleus with external NETs was observed in all the patient's subgroups. The level of infection (IF) was significant in ARDS groups (b) and (c) and mild in group (a). HCQ has no effects on neutrophil cells for the control of infection and virus internalization. SEM images showed multiple virus-like structures on the cell surface. TEM images reveal phagosomes on the cell cytoplasm with many viruses (arrows). HCQ did not show a protective effect on the infection of these cells. N Nucleus, M Mitochondria, RB Residual Body, P Phagosome, Nt neutrophil extracellular traps, arrows SARS-CoV-2 virus.

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