Table 3 Mean N recovery ratio (N accumulation in plant material per total N from applied N), leaf area index (LAI), water productivity (WP; grain yield corrected to 15.5% moisture content per total crop ET), N productivity (NP; grain yield corrected to 15.5% moisture content per total N applied), cumulative N₂O emissions (total across the growing season), and emissions factor (EF; %) for the same water and N treatments described in Table 1. Values in parentheses show standard error. Different letters indicate significant differences between N treatments within water treatments. ANOVA P-values for each main effect are presented at the bottom of the table with significant effects (P < 0.05) in bold. An observed—expected yield assessment of 0 indicates that the full expected yield was achieved (that the observed yield was the same as the expected yield that was estimated from total N that was applied and present as residual).

From: High N availability decreases N uptake and yield under limited water availability in maize