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Figure 1

From: Thermodynamical framework for effective mitigation of high aerosol loading in the Indo-Gangetic Plain during winter

Figure 1

The gas-to-particle partitioning ratio of (a,c) ε(NO3−), (b,d) ε(Cl−) with pH are shown by the sigmoidal (S) curves. Three zones are defined, where ε(NO3−) and ε(Cl−) vary between the complete gas-phase (ε ~ 0; blue-color zone, region I) and complete particle-phase (ε ~ 100%; blue-color zone, region III). A characteristic pH (pH50) has been defined where total nitrate and chloride remained 50% in the gas-phase and 50% in the particle-phase (gray-color zone, region II). The 1100 hourly data points are color coded with ALWC (1a, 2b) and temperature (1c, 2d) to investigate the impact of ALWC and temperature on the phase-partitioning ratio (ε). The ALWC color bar shows how positively ALWC impacts the phase-partitioning, whereas the temperature color bar shows its inverse relationship with the particle-phase loading over a location.

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