Table 1 Quality of the P. grandiflorum for the different VCs and likelihood of risks being made to its quality during its production.

From: Quality control of Platycodon grandiflorum (Jacq.) A. DC. based on value chains and food chain analysis

VC

Traceability

Certify

Control

Heavy metal

Pesticide residue

Likelihood of hazard occurring

Cultivation

Processing

Wholesale

1

Untraceable

Maybe

Medium

No risk

No risk

Improbable

Probable

Probable

2

Untraceable

No certify

Weak

No risk

No risk

Improbable

Very probable

Very probable

3

Untraceable

No certify

Weak

No risk

No risk

Improbable

Very probable

Very probable

4

Untraceable

Maybe

Medium

No risk

No risk

Improbable

Probable

Probable

5

Untraceable

Maybe

Medium

No risk

No risk

Improbable

Probable

Very probable

6

Untraceable

No certify

Weak

No risk

No risk

Improbable

Probable

Probable

7

Untraceable

No certify

Weak

No risk

No risk

Improbable

Probable

Probable

8

Maybe

Maybe

Strong

No risk

No risk

Improbable

Improbable

Improbable

9

Traceable

Maybe

Strong

No risk

No risk

Improbable

Improbable

Improbable

10

Traceable

Maybe

Strong

No risk

No risk

Improbable

Improbable

Probable