Figure 1

Study area information including distribution of observatories and rivers discharged into Jiaozhou Bay and landuse around Jiaozhou Bay. Map created with ESRl ArcGIS 10.8(https://www.esri.com/en-us/arcgis/products/index), backgroud map of (a) is Sentinel-2 image composite from 2021-04-01 to 2021-10-31 after de-cloud (https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/datasets/catalog/sentinel-2) and the review number of China Map is GS (2020) 4634. (b) Land use in Qingdao. The black box indicates the location of Jiaozhou Bay. (c) Location of Jiaozhou Bay in China.