Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients with and without postoperative delirium after cardiac surgery.

From: Intraoperative neurological pupil index and postoperative delirium and neurologic adverse events after cardiac surgery: an observational study

 

No postoperative delirium (n = 99)

Postoperative delirium (n = 24)

P value

Demographic data

 Age, years

63 (range, 29–87)

72 (range 48–81)

0.009

 Male

61 (61.6%)

13 (54.2%)

0.504

 Height, cm

161.9 (9.5)

157.9 (8.3)

0.067

 Weight, kg

63.8 (13.3)

60.0 (11.3)

0.199

 Body mass index, kg/m2

24.2 (3.6)

23.9 (3.3)

0.718

 Body surface area, m2

1.68 (0.24)

1.62 (0.19)

0.264

STS-PROM, %

1.21 (0.66–2.39)

2.51 (1.62–6.14)

 < 0.001

Preoperative LV EF, %

60 (55–63)

57 (46–63)

0.166

Baseline hematocrit, %

39.2 (5.2)

36.2 (6.9)

0.020

Baseline hs-CRP, mg/dl

0.09 (0.04–0.23)

0.21 (0.06–0.41)

0.058

Smoking status

  

0.769

 Never smoker

76 (76.8%)

20 (83.3%)

 

 Current smoker

16 (16.2%)

3 (12.5%)

 

 Ex-smoker

7 (7.1%)

1 (4.2%)

 

Comorbidity

 Hypertension

49 (49.5%)

13 (54.2%)

0.681

 Diabetes

33 (33.3%)

10 (41.7%)

0.442

 Coronary artery disease

34 (34.3%)

13 (54.2%)

0.073

 Previous MI or angina

23 (23.2%)

7 (29.2%)

0.544

 Chronic kidney disease

12 (12.1%)

8 (33.3%)

0.012

 Preoperative atrial fibrillation

29 (29.3%)

14 (58.3%)

0.007

 Previous stroke or TIA

8 (8.1%)

4 (16.7%)

0.203

 COPD

6 (6.1%)

3 (12.5%)

0.277

Preoperative medication

 ACEi or ARB

47 (47.5%)

9 (37.5%)

0.379

 Beta blocker

55 (55.6%)

12 (50.0%)

0.624

 Calcium channel blocker

51 (51.5%)

8 (33.3%)

0.110

 Diuretics

44 (44.4%)

16 (66.7%)

0.051

 Statin

62 (62.6%)

13 (54.2%)

0.446

 Benzodiazepine

5 (5.1%)

4 (16.7%)

0.072

Type of surgery

  

0.696

 CABG

26 (26.3%)

8 (33.3%)

 

 Valve surgery

47 (47.5%)

12 (50.0%)

 

 Aorta surgery

7 (7.1%)

0 (0%)

 

 Aortic arch surgery

4 (4.0%)

0 (0%)

 

 Combined surgery*

11 (11.1%)

2 (8.3%)

 

 Other cardiac surgery†

8 (8.1%)

2 (8.3%)

 

Redo surgery

8 (8.1%)

5 (20.8%)

0.130

Postoperative ICU stay, h

49 (27–93)

98 (57–180)

 < 0.001

Postoperative hospital stay, day

14 (12–20)

24 (19–34)

 < 0.001

  1. Values are mean (standard deviation), number (proportions), or median (interquartile range). Age was presented as median (range).
  2. ACEi angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, ARB angiotensin II receptor blocker, CABG coronary artery bypass graft, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, EF ejection fraction, hs-CRP high sensitivity C-reactive protein, ICU intensive care unit, LV left ventricle, MI myocardial infarction, STS-PROM the Society of Thoracic Surgeons Predicted Risk of Mortality, TIA transient ischemic attack.
  3. *Combined surgery included concomitant valve, aorta, and/or coronary artery bypass graft surgery.
  4. †Other cardiac surgery included repair of atrial septal defect, excision of intracardiac mass, myectomy, and endoventricular circular patch plasty.
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