Table 4 Effects of LTP ingestion and physical activity intervention on fatigue and mood status (n = 78).

From: Effects of lactotripeptide ingestion and physical activity intervention on the fatigue status of middle-aged and older adults: a randomized controlled trial

 

Placebo (n = 20)

LTP (n = 20)

Placebo + PA (n = 19)

LTP + PA (n = 19)

  

Visual analog scale, cm

 Baseline

2.90 ± 0.46

2.91 ± 0.40

2.93 ± 0.45

2.89 ± 0.42

LTP

F = 0.040, P = 0.842, partial η2 = 0.001

 Post-intervention

3.05 ± 0.46

2.84 ± 0.51

2.23 ± 0.47

2.25 ± 0.45

Physical activity intervention

F = 2.193, P = 0.143, partial η2 = 0.029

 Change

0.15 (− 1.16, 1.46)

− 0.08 (− 1.50, 1.35)

− 0.71 (− 2.20, 0.79)

− 0.64 (− 1.47, 0.18)

Interaction

F = 0.064, P = 0.802, partial η2 = 0.001

Brief Fatigue Inventory, points

 Baseline

2.10 ± 0.34

2.56 ± 0.38

2.29 ± 0.39

1.92 ± 0.32

LTP

F = 0.032, P = 0.859, partial η2 = 0.0004

 Post-intervention

1.80 ± 0.38

2.00 ± 0.40

1.89 ± 0.41

1.63 ± 0.29

Physical activity intervention

F = 0.001, P = 0.972, partial η2 = 0.00001

 Change

− 0.31 (− 1.17, 0.56)

− 0.56 (− 1.29, 0.17)

− 0.40 (− 0.99, 0.18)

− 0.30 (− 0.98, 0.38)

Interaction

F = 0.0002, P = 0.987, partial η2 = 0.000004

POMS2-AH (anger-hostility), points

 Baseline

43.8 ± 1.2

45.5 ± 1.2

45.3 ± 1.6

46.3 ± 1.5

LTP

F = 0.011, P = 0.919, partial η2 = 0.0001

 Post-intervention

43.3 ± 1.1

44.3 ± 1.2

43.9 ± 1.3

44.6 ± 1.2

Physical activity intervention

F = 0.028, P = 0.867, partial η2 = 0.0004

 Change

− 0.55 (− 2.51, 1.41)

− 1.15 (− 3.19, 0.89)

− 1.32 (− 3.12, 0.49)

− 1.68 (− 4.76, 1.39)

Interaction

F = 0.001, P = 0.977, partial η2 = 0.00001

POMS2-CB (confusion-bewilderment), points

 Baseline

42.5 ± 1.0

45.1 ± 1.3

44.7 ± 1.9

45.3 ± 1.2

LTP

F = 0.912, P = 0.343, partial η2 = 0.012

 Post-intervention

45.3 ± 1.3

45.5 ± 1.6

44.8 ± 1.8

44.4 ± 1.3

Physical activity intervention

F = 1.623, P = 0.207, partial η2 = 0.022

 Change

2.80 (0.45, 5.15)

0.40 (− 2.66, 3.46)

0.16 (− 2.07, 2.39)

− 0.89 (− 4.05, 2.26)

Interaction

F = 0.070, P = 0.792, partial η2 = 0.001

POMS2-DD (depression-dejection), points

 Baseline

44.9 ± 1.3

45.0 ± 0.8

45.5 ± 1.8

47.3 ± 1.1

LTP

F = 0.109, P = 0.743, partial η2 = 0.001

 Post-intervention

44.6 ± 1.0

45.3 ± 0.9

44.8 ± 1.4

44.8 ± 0.9

Physical activity intervention

F = 2.075, P = 0.154, partial η2 = 0.028

 Change

− 0.30 (− 1.71, 1.11)

0.30 (− 1.51, 2.11)

− 0.68 (− 2.44, 1.08)

− 2.42 (− 4.42, − 0.42)

Interaction

F = 1.579, P = 0.213, partial η2 = 0.021

POMS2-FI (fatigue-inertia), point

 Baseline

43.4 ± 1.0

43.1 ± 1.1

43.5 ± 1.8

44.1 ± 1.1

LTP

F = 0.106, P = 0.745, partial η2 = 0.001

 Post-intervention

42.8 ± 1.0

42.9 ± 1.5

42.8 ± 1.9

42.3 ± 1.1

Physical activity intervention

F = 0.736, P = 0.394, partial η2 = 0.010

 Change

− 0.60 (− 2.77, 1.57)

− 0.15 (− 2.28, 1.98)

− 0.74 (− 2.28, 0.81)

− 1.84 (− 3.98, 0.29)

Interaction

F = 0.543, P = 0.463, partial η2 = 0.007

POMS2-TA (tension-anxiety), points

 Baseline

43.4 ± 1.2

45.2 ± 1.2

47.2 ± 2.4

46.7 ± 1.8

LTP

F = 0.012, P = 0.912, partial η2 = 0.0001

 Post-intervention

45.4 ± 1.2

45.3 ± 1.3

44.3 ± 1.5

44.8 ± 1.9

Physical activity intervention

F = 3.832, P = 0.054, partial η2 = 0.050

 Change

2.00 (− 0.29, 4.29)

0.15 (− 2.67, 2.97)

− 2.89 (− 6.43, 0.64)

− 1.89 (− 4.64, 0.85)

Interaction

F = 0.639, P = 0.427, partial η2 = 0.009

POMS2-VA (vigor-activity), points

 Baseline

50.4 ± 1.6

51.7 ± 1.9

52.5 ± 3.3

53.5 ± 2.0

LTP

F = 0.080, P = 0.779, partial η2 = 0.001

 Post-intervention

54.0 ± 1.7

53.6 ± 2.3

54.9 ± 2.4

57.8 ± 2.6

Physical activity intervention

F = 0.556, P = 0.458, partial η2 = 0.008

 Change

3.65 (1.11, 6.19)

1.90 (− 2.62, 6.42)

2.42 (− 2.92, 7.76)

4.32 (1.15, 7.48)

Interaction

F = 1.007, P = 0.319, partial η2 = 0.014

POMS2-F (friendliness), points

 Baseline

49.3 ± 1.7

52.6 ± 2.0

54.8 ± 2.4

54.7 ± 1.9

LTP

F = 1.195, P = 0.278, partial η2 = 0.016

 Post-intervention

52.9 ± 2.0

51.9 ± 2.2

56.4 ± 2.2

55.7 ± 3.0

Physical activity intervention

F = 0.180, P = 0.672, partial η2 = 0.002

 Change

3.55 (− 0.01, 7.11)

− 0.70 (− 5.40, 4.00)

1.53 (− 1.97, 5.03)

1.00 (− 2.79, 4.79)

Interaction

F = 0.612, P = 0.436, partial η2 = 0.008

POMS2-TMD (total mood disturbance) score, points

 Baseline

43.1 ± 1.0

44.1 ± 0.9

43.9 ± 1.6

45.2 ± 1.3

LTP

F = 1.058, P = 0.307, partial η2 = 0.014

 Post-intervention

43.2 ± 1.1

43.9 ± 1.0

42.9 ± 1.4

42.5 ± 1.0

Physical activity intervention

F = 5.216, P = 0.025, partial η2 = 0.067

 Change

0.15 (− 1.26, 1.56)

− 0.20 (− 1.83, 1.43)

− 1.05 (− 2.54, 0.43)

− 2.74 (− 4.60, − 0.88)⁑

Interaction

F = 0.822, P = 0.368, partial η2 = 0.011

BDI-II, points

 Baseline

7.75 ± 1.46

6.50 ± 1.10

9.42 ± 1.54

8.79 ± 1.14

LTP

F = 0.018, P = 0.894, partial η2 = 0.0002

 Post-intervention

7.20 ± 1.66

7.10 ± 1.35

7.89 ± 1.53

6.16 ± 0.91

Physical activity intervention

F = 4.807, P = 0.032, partial η2 = 0.062

 Change

− 0.55 (− 1.39, 0.29)

0.60 (− 0.87, 2.07)

− 1.53 (− 3.53, 0.48)

− 2.63 (− 5.04, − 0.23)⁑

Interaction

F = 1.746, P = 0.190, partial η2 = 0.023

  1. Data are presented as mean ± standard error for baseline and post-intervention and mean (95% confidence interval) for changes at 8 weeks. Placebo placebo without physical activity intervention, LTP lactotripeptide without physical activity intervention, placebo + PA placebo with physical activity intervention, LTP + PA lactotripeptide with physical activity intervention, POMS2 Profile of Mood States second edition, BDI-II Beck Depression Inventory second edition. ⁑P < 0.05 vs. LTP group.
Back to article page