Table 3 Socio-demographic characteristics of the two clusters.

From: Exposure profiles in pregnant women from a birth cohort in a highly contaminated area of southern Italy

 

Total (N = 161)

Cluster 1 (N = 84)

Low exposure

Cluster 2 (N = 77)

High exposure

p value

Mean (± SD)

Mean (± SD)

Mean (± SD)

Age (years)

31.3 (± 4.7)

29.3 (± 4.3)

33.5 (± 4.1)

 < 0.0001*

BMI (Kg/m2)

23.2 (± 4.8)

23.5 (± 5.4)

22.9 (± 4.0)

0.834*

Gestational length (weeks)

39.0 (± 1.2)

39.1 (± 1.2)

40.0 (± 1.3)

0.650*

 

N total

N (%)

N (%)

p value

Residence area

0.045#

 NPCS

85

38 (44.7%)

47 (55.3%)

 

 LRA

76

46 (60.5%)

30 (39.5%)

 

Educational level

0.018#

 Secondary school or lower qualification

30

21 (70.0%)

9 (30.0%)

 

 High School

92

49 (53.3%)

43 (46.7%)

 

 Degree or higher qualification

39

14 (35.9%)

25 (64.1%)

 

Marital status

0.388#

 Married

104

52 (50.0%)

52 (50.0%)

 

 Never married/Separated

56

32 (57.1%)

24 (42.9%)

 

 Missing

1

0

1

 

Previous pregnancy

0.572#

 Nulliparous

77

41 (52.6%)

37 (47.4%)

 

 Parous

76

36 (48.0%)

39 (52.0%)

 

 Missing

8

7

1

 

Dental amalgams

0.323#

 Yes

85

40 (47.1%)

45 (52.9%)

 

 No

69

38 (55.1%)

31(44.9%)

 

 Missing

7

6

1

 
  1. LRA local reference area, NPCS national priority contaminated site, SD standard deviation; *p-value from Mann–Whitney U test for the differences between the quantitative variables and the two clusters. #p-value from Chi-square test for the differences between the qualitative variables and the two clusters. Significant values are in bold.
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