Table 5 Results for analysis of responses to questions about physical activity and sleep quality.

From: Qualitative study of the association between psychosocial health and physical activity/sleep quality in toddlers

Q

Sex

Mean ± SD

Sig

d

Percentage of respondents (%)

1: Not true

2: Not very true

3: True

4: Very true

1-PA1

Total

3.14 ± 0.63

  

1.44

9.38

62.85

26.33

Boys

3.14 ± 0.63

ns

0.008

1.56

9.15

63.28

26.02

Girls

3.14 ± 0.63

1.33

9.61

62.43

26.64

1-PA2

Total

3.22 ± 0.68

  

1.21

10.69

53.37

34.74

Boys

3.22 ± 0.66

ns

0.017

0.95

10.50

53.79

34.76

Girls

3.21 ± 0.69

1.46

10.87

52.95

34.72

1-SQ1

Total

2.46 ± 0.90

  

16.98

31.59

39.93

11.49

Boys

2.48 ± 0.89

ns

0.051

16.06

30.76

41.94

11.25

Girls

2.44 ± 0.92

17.89

32.41

37.97

11.73

1-SQ2

Total

2.37 ± 0.94

  

20.40

34.37

33.17

12.06

Boys

2.39 ± 0.94

ns

0.046

19.44

34.42

33.67

12.47

Girls

2.35 ± 0.94

21.34

34.33

32.67

11.66

1-SQ3

Total

2.54 ± 0.89

  

15.04

28.31

44.15

12.50

Boys

2.54 ± 0.88

ns

0.011

14.63

29.00

44.51

11.86

Girls

2.55 ± 0.91

15.44

27.63

43.80

13.12

1-SQ4

Total

2.31 ± 0.89

  

20.94

35.21

36.18

7.67

Boys

2.31 ± 0.87

ns

0.012

20.19

35.64

36.99

7.18

Girls

2.30 ± 0.90

21.67

34.79

35.39

8.15

1-SQ5

Total

1.95 ± 0.83

  

32.53

43.79

19.36

4.32

Boys

1.95 ± 0.82

ns

0.017

32.38

44.78

18.56

4.27

Girls

1.96 ± 0.84

32.67

42.81

20.15

4.37

3-PA1

Total

3.26 ± 0.68

  

1.71

8.64

51.56

38.09

Boys

3.27 ± 0.68

ns

0.019

1.83

7.93

51.83

38.41

Girls

3.25 ± 0.69

1.59

9.34

51.29

37.77

3-PA2

Total

3.17 ± 0.74

  

2.55

12.60

50.22

34.64

Boys

3.17 ± 0.74

ns

0.002

2.24

14.02

48.37

35.37

Girls

3.17 ± 0.73

2.85

11.20

52.02

33.93

3-SQ1

Total

2.06 ± 0.87

  

28.81

41.94

23.28

5.96

Boys

2.09 ± 0.88

ns

0.048

27.78

42.55

22.90

6.78

Girls

2.04 ± 0.86

29.82

41.35

23.66

5.17

3-SQ2

Total

1.90 ± 0.83

  

35.51

43.08

17.32

4.09

Boys

1.89 ± 0.83

ns

0.024

36.65

41.80

17.55

4.00

Girls

1.91 ± 0.82

34.39

44.33

17.10

4.17

3-SQ3

Total

2.14 ± 0.88

  

26.97

37.92

29.38

5.73

Boys

2.15 ± 0.88

ns

0.022

26.90

37.20

30.01

5.89

Girls

2.13 ± 0.87

27.04

38.63

28.76

5.57

3-SQ4

Total

1.98 ± 0.84

  

31.52

43.15

20.94

4.39

Boys

2.00 ± 0.85

ns

0.035

31.50

41.73

22.22

4.54

Girls

1.97 ± 0.83

31.54

44.53

19.68

4.24

3-SQ5

Total

1.81 ± 0.78

  

38.19

46.20

12.23

3.38

Boys

1.80 ± 0.76

ns

0.015

37.94

47.02

11.99

3.05

Girls

1.81 ± 0.79

38.44

45.39

12.46

3.71

  1. Significant differences between sexes; SD: standard deviation; sig.: significance; ns: no significance; d: Cohen’s d (effect size); 1-: at the age of 1 year; 3-: at the age of 3 years; PA1: often moved around freely by themselves; PA2: often played with their hands; SQ1: experienced difficulty in putting them to sleep; SQ2: cried at midnight; SQ3: had irregularities in sleeping and wake-up times; SQ4: woke up often in the middle of the night; SQ5: often had a bad mood during the day.
  2. Q.: PA: physical activity, SQ: sleep quality.
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