Table 2 National trend of the prevalence of diagnosed diabetes before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, weighted % (95% CI).
Pre-pandemic | During the pandemic | Trend of the pre-pandemic era, β | Trend of the pandemic era, β | Trend difference, β diff (95% CI) | Weighted odds of before and during the pandemic, OR | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2009–2011 | 2012–2014 | 2015–2017 | 2018–2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2020–2021 to 2018–2019 | ||||
Overall | 7.9 (7.8 to 7.9) | 9.2 (9.1 to 9.2) | 10.5 (10.4 to 10.6) | 11.3 (11.3 to 11.4) | 11.6 (11.5 to 11.7) | 12.4 (12.3 to 12.6) | 1.15 (0.78 to 1.52) | 0.39 (– 0.06 to 0.84) | − 0.76 (− 1.34 to − 0.18) | 1.067 (1.053 to 1.080) |
Sex, weighted % (95% CI) | ||||||||||
Men | 8.3 (8.2 to 8.4) | 9.8 (9.7 to 9.9) | 11.4 (11.3 to 11.5) | 12.3 (12.2 to 12.4) | 12.7 (12.5 to 12.9) | 13.7 (13.5 to 13.9) | 1.36 (0.89 to 1.84) | 0.52 (0.01 to 1.03) | − 0.84 (− 1.54 to − 0.14) | 1.084 (1.064 to 1.104) |
Women | 7.5 (7.4 to 7.6) | 8.7 (8.6 to 8.7) | 9.8 (9.7 to 9.9) | 10.6 (10.4 to 10.7) | 10.6 (10.4 to 10.8) | 11.4 (11.2 to 11.6) | 1.04 (0.76 to 1.32) | 0.29 (-0.23 to 0.81) | − 0.75 (− 1.34 to − 0.16) | 1.047 (1.028 to 1.066) |
Education background, weighted % (95% CI) | ||||||||||
High school or less | 10.2 (10.1 to 10.2) | 12.1 (12.0 to 12.2) | 14.1 (14.0 to 14.2) | 15.2 (15.0 to 15.3) | 15.8 (15.6 to 16.0) | 16.9 (16.7 to 17.1) | 1.70 (1.08 to 2.32) | 0.63 (0.15 to 1.11) | − 1.07 (− 1.85 to − 0.29) | 1.091 (1.075 to 1.106) |
College or more | 2.9 (2.9 to 3.0) | 3.4 (3.3 to 3.4) | 4.1 (4.0 to 4.2) | 4.5 (4.4 to 4.6) | 4.9 (4.7 to 5.0) | 5.5 (5.3 to 5.6) | 0.55 (0.38 to 0.72) | 0.39 (0.17 to 0.61) | − 0.16 (– 0.44 to 0.12) | 1.167 (1.130 to 1.204) |
Region of residence, weighted % (95% CI) | ||||||||||
Rural | 8.7 (8.6 to 8.8) | 10.3 (10.2 to 10.4) | 11.9 (11.8 to 12.0) | 12.8 (21.6 to 12.9) | 13.1 (12.9 to 13.3) | 14.1 (13.9 to 14.3) | 1.39 (0.87 to 1.91) | 0.49 (− 0.03 to 1.01) | − 0.90 (− 1.64 to − 0.16) | 1.076 (1.058 to 1.094) |
Urban | 7.0 (6.9 to 7.1) | 7.9 (7.8 to 8.0) | 9.0 (8.9 to 9.0) | 9.8 (9.7 to 9.9) | 10.0 (9.9 to 10.2) | 10.6 (10.4 to 10.8) | 0.95 (0.78 to 1.12) | 0.30 (− 0.03 to 0.63) | − 0.65 (− 1.02 to − 0.28) | 1.058 (1.038 to 1.079) |
BMI, weighted % (95% CI) | ||||||||||
Under and normal | 6.2 (6.1 to 6.2) | 7.4 (7.3 to 7.5) | 8.4 (8.4 to 8.5) | 8.8 (8.7 to 8.9) | 8.9 (8.7 to 9.1) | 9.8 (9.6 to 9.9) | 0.88 (0.32 to 1.44) | 0.27 (− 0.61 to 1.15) | − 0.61 (− 1.65 to 0.43) | 1.066 (1.044 to 1.089) |
Over and obese | 9.9 (9.8 to 10.0) | 11.2 (11.1 to 11.3) | 12.6 (12.5 to 12.7) | 13.5 (13.3 to 13.6) | 13.8 (13.6 to 14.0) | 14.7 (14.5 to 14.9) | 1.20 (0.89 to 1.55) | 0.50 (− 0.11 to 1.11) | − 0.70 (− 1.39 to − 0.01) | 1.068 (1.051 to 1.086) |
Income, weighted % (95% CI) | ||||||||||
Unknown | 8.0 (7.7 to 8.2) | 9.3 (8.9 to 9.7) | 9.5 (8.8 to 10.2) | 9.7 (9.5 to 10.0) | 9.8 (9.5 to 10.0) | 10.4 (10.2 to 10.7) | 0.53 (− 0.29 to 1.35) | 0.21 (− 0.19 to 0.61) | − 0.32 (− 1.23 to 0.59) | 1.040 (1.008 to 1.074) |
Low | 9.9 (9.8 to 10.0) | 12.2 (12.1 to 12.4) | 14.1 (14.0 to 14.2) | 16.8 (16.7 to 17.0) | 17.0 (16.7 to 17.2) | 18.2 (17.9 to 18.4) | 2.26 (1.80 to 2.72) | 0.49 (− 0.29 to 1.27) | − 1.77 (− 2.68 to − 0.86) | 1.052 (1.034 to 1.071) |
Middle | 4.9 (4.8 to 5.0) | 5.6 (5.5 to 5.7) | 6.4 (6.3 to 6.5) | 8.2 (8.0 to 8.3) | 8.8 (8.5 to 9.0) | 9.6 (9.4 to 9.9) | 1.07 (0.27 to 1.87) | 0.56 (0.19 to 0.93) | − 0.51 (− 1.39 to 0.37) | 1.141 (1.104 to 1.179) |
High | 4.7 (4.5 to 4.8) | 5.0 (4.8 to 5.1) | 5.7 (5.5 to 5.8) | 5.9 (5.8 to 6.1) | 6.3 (6.1 to 6.5) | 7.1 (6.9 to 7.3) | 0.43 (0.15 to 0.71) | 0.41 (0.01 to 0.81) | − 0.02 (− 0.51 to 0.47) | 1.142 (1.102 to 1.184) |
Smoking, weighted % (95% CI) | ||||||||||
Smoker | 6.9 (6.8 to 7.1) | 8.0 (7.9 to 8.2) | 9.4 (9.3 to 9.6) | 10.4 (10.2 to 10.7) | 11.2 (10.9 to 11.6) | 12.4 (12.1 to 12.7) | 1.19 (0.97 to 1.41) | 0.75 (0.25 to 1.25) | − 0.44 (− 0.99 to 0.11) | 1.149 (1.112 to 1.186) |
Non-smoker | 8.2 (8.1 to 8.2) | 9.4 (9.4 to 9.5) | 10.7 (10.7 to 10.8) | 11.5 (11.4 to 11.6) | 11.7 (11.5 to 11.8) | 12.4 (12.3 to 12.6) | 1.12 (0.79 to 1.45) | 0.30 (− 0.11 tot 0.71) | − 0.82 (− 1.35 to − 0.29) | 1.051 (1.037 to 1.066) |
Walking, weighted % (95% CI) | ||||||||||
< 1 times/week | 8.8 (8.6 to 8.9) | 10.6 (10.5 to 10.8) | 12.7 (12.6 to 12.9) | 14.0 (13.8 to 14.2) | 13.6 (13.3 to 13.9) | 15.0 (14.7 to 15.3) | 1.77 (1.29 to 2.25) | 0.31 (− 0.80 to 1.42) | − 1.46 (− 2.67 to − 0.25) | 1.023 (0.998 to 1.050) |
1–4 times/week | 7.1 (7.0 to 7.2) | 8.1 (8.0 to 8.3) | 9.3 (9.2 to 9.5) | 10.5 (10.4 to 10.7) | 10.2 (10.0 to 10.5) | 11.1 (10.8 to 11.3) | 1.14 (0.99 to 1.29) | 0.14 (− 0.63 to 0.91) | − 1.00 (− 1.78 to − 0.22) | 1.012 (0.987 to 1.037) |
≥ 5 times/week | 7.9 (7.8 to 8.0) | 9.0 (8.9 to 9.1) | 10.1 (10.0 to 10.2) | 10.7 (10.6 to 10.8) | 11.4 (11.2 to 11.6) | 12.2 (12.0 to 12.4) | 0.95 (0.58 to 1.32) | 0.56 (0.28 to 0.84) | − 0.39 (− 0.85 to 0.07) | 1.118 (1.098 to 1.139) |
