Figure 4

(A) Axial displacements of anterior, posterior columns of A, B, C models (pre-PKP, post-PKP with ICL, post-PKP without ICL) under an axial compressive load of 400 N; (B) average von Mises stresses in the intervertebral discs A, B, C models (pre-PKP, post-PKP with ICL, post-PKP without ICL) under an axial compressive load of 400 N.