Table 2 Properties of the ligaments included in the finite element model.

From: Intradiscal cement leakage (ICL) increases the stress on adjacent vertebrae after kyphoplasty for osteoporotic vertebra compression fracture (OVCF): a finite-element study

Major ligaments

Modulus of elasticity (MPa)

Cross section area (mm2)

Mean length (mm)

Rigidity* (N/mm)

Anterior longitudinal

7.8

22.4

20

8.74

Posterior longitudinal

10

7.0

12

5.83

Ligamentum flavum

17

14.1

15

15.38

Transverse

10

0.6

32

0.19

Capsular

7.5

10.5

5

15.75

Interspinous

10

14.1

13

10.85

Supraspinous

8.0

10.5

22

2.39

  1. *Rigidity = Elastic modulus × Cross-Section Area/length.
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