Table 1 Characteristics of patients with hip fracture and controls SD, standard deviation; Std diff, standardized difference. (a) Number of medications and Others. (b) Comorbidities and Concomitant medications.
(A) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
Case group | Control group | Std diff | |
(n = 34,717) | (n = 34,717) | ||
N (%) | N (%) | ||
Age category Early elderly | 5516 (15.9) | 5516 (15.9) | – |
Late elderly | 29,201 (84.1) | 29,201 (84.1) | – |
Age Mean (SD) | 82.7 (7.6) | 82.6 (7.6) | – |
Sex Male | 9920 (28.6) | 9920 (28.6) | – |
Female | 24,797 (71.4) | 24,797 (71.4) | – |
Number of medications | |||
0 | 935 (2.7) | 2149 (6.2) | −0.17 |
1 | 4410 (12.7) | 4699 (13.5) | −0.024 |
2 | 3876 (11.2) | 4022 (11.6) | −0.013 |
3 | 3342 (9.6) | 3296 (9.5) | 0.003 |
4 | 3132 (9.0) | 3183 (9.2) | −0.007 |
5 | 2889 (8.3) | 2998 (8.6) | −0.011 |
6 | 2780 (8.0) | 2737 (7.9) | 0.004 |
7 | 2628 (7.6) | 2466 (7.1) | 0.019 |
8 | 2338 (6.7) | 2079 (6.0) | 0.029 |
9 | 2021 (5.8) | 1734 (5.0) | 0.035 |
10 | 1659 (4.8) | 1465 (4.2) | 0.029 |
11 | 1260 (3.6) | 1126 (3.2) | 0.022 |
12 | 982 (2.8) | 828 (2.4) | 0.025 |
13 | 698 (2.0) | 592 (1.7) | 0.022 |
14 | 558 (1.6) | 421 (1.2) | 0.034 |
≥ 15 | 1209 (3.5) | 922 (2.7) | 0.046 |
Number of medications | |||
Mean (SD) | 5.8 (4.2) | 5.3 (4.0) | 0.13 |
Number of comorbidities | |||
Mean (SD) | 7.4 (3.6) | 6.4 (3.3) | 0.27 |
(B) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
Case group | Control group | Std diff | |
(n = 34,717) | (n = 34,717) | ||
N (%) | N (%) | ||
Comorbidities | |||
Diseases of the circulatory system | 27,308 (78.7) | 27,447 (79.1) | −0.01 |
Digestive system diseases | 25,615 (73.8) | 22,895 (65.9) | 0.171 |
Endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases | 22,754 (65.5) | 21,644 (62.3) | 0.067 |
Respiratory system diseases | 20,180 (58.1) | 18,402 (53.0) | 0.103 |
Neoplasms | 19,446 (56.0) | 18,394 (53.0) | 0.061 |
Symptoms and signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings, not elsewhere classified | 17,640 (50.8) | 16,167 (46.4) | 0.085 |
Certain infectious and parasitic diseases | 16,504 (47.5) | 14,279 (41.1) | 0.129 |
Genitourinary system diseases | 16,485 (47.5) | 14,732 (42.4) | 0.102 |
Nervous system diseases | 15,848 (45.6) | 12,562 (36.2) | 0.193 |
Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs and certain disorders involving the immune mechanism | 14,597 (42.0) | 13,516 (38.9) | 0.063 |
Concomitant medications | |||
Antacids, antiflatulents, and anti-ulcers | 20,275 (58.4) | 21,326 (61.4) | −0.062 |
Antithrombotic agents | 11,626 (33.5) | 11,088 (31.9) | 0.033 |
Calcium antagonists | 10,803 (31.1) | 10,103 (29.1) | 0.044 |
Agents acting on the renin-angiotensin system | 9659 (27.8) | 8996 (25.9) | 0.043 |
Psycholeptics | 8468 (24.4) | 9273 (26.7) | −0.053 |
Lipid-regulating/anti-atheroma preparations | 7726 (22.3) | 7406 (21.3) | 0.022 |
Diuretics | 7579 (21.8) | 7478 (21.5) | 0.007 |
Vitamins | 6510 (18.7) | 5296 (15.3) | 0.093 |
Drugs for constipation | 5724 (16.5) | 8040 (23.2) | −0.168 |
Antidiabetic drugs | 5322 (15.3) | 4057 (11.7) | 0.107 |
