Figure 4

Microbiome analyses. (a) Faith phylogenetic diversity within treatment (p = 0.663). Pairwise comparisons were analyzed by the Kruskal–Wallis test (p < 0.05) in QIIME 2.0. Box and whisker plots denote minimum, maximum, and interquartile range. (b) Jaccard distance beta diversity within treatment (p = 0.001) and occurrence of Definitive NEC (D-NEC) (p = 0.063). Beta diversity was analyzed by PERMANOVA with 999 randomizations of the data in QIIME 2.0. (c) Family level relative abundance within treatment. Differences were assessed with ALDEx2 in R, and Wilcoxon p values were Benjamini–Hochberg adjusted (p.adj = 0.05).