Table 1 Distribution of sample characteristics and the bivariate association between depression and health-related, socio-demographic and household characteristics of older adults in India, the Longitudinal Aging Study in India, 2017–2019.
Men older adults (60+ years) | Women older adults (60 + years) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | Depressed | Total | Depressed | |||||
N (WC %) | N | WR % | Chi2 (p-value) | N (WC %) | N | WR % | Chi2 (p-value) | |
Health-related characteristics | ||||||||
Self-rated health | ||||||||
Good | 2374 (15.6) | 57 | 3.9 | 346.35 (< 0.001) | 1950 (11.8) | 65 | 3.7 | 330.86 (< 0.001) |
Average | 9417 (63.3) | 454 | 5.5 | 10,163 (63.3) | 579 | 7.1 | ||
Poor | 2891 (21.1) | 385 | 15.4 | 3842 (24.8) | 536 | 17.6 | ||
Chronic morbidity status | ||||||||
No condition | 7096 (49.5) | 316 | 5.6 | 77.81 (< 0.001) | 6955 (44.7) | 433 | 8.3 | 46.65 (< 0.001) |
Single condition | 4170 (28.4) | 282 | 7.5 | 4856 (30.0) | 345 | 9.0 | ||
Multiple conditions | 3416 (22.1) | 298 | 11.0 | 4144 (25.3) | 402 | 11.5 | ||
Physically active status | 4056 (29.6) | 240 | 6.7 | 0.33 (0.562) | 3962 (25.9) | 312 | 10.1 | 1.76 (0.184) |
Faces difficulty in ADL | 2534 (20.1) | 315 | 14.3 | 214.03 (< 0.001) | 3739 (25.4) | 484 | 15.5 | 219.53 (< 0.001) |
Faces difficulty in IADL | 5035 (38.0) | 500 | 10.9 | 195.93 (< 0.001) | 8281 (56.3) | 833 | 12.2 | 178.32 (< 0.001) |
Socio-demographic characteristics | ||||||||
Socially inactive | 983 (7.4) | 94 | 11.8 | 22.01 (< 0.001) | 1436 (9.7) | 166 | 12.8 | 39.95 (< 0.001) |
Living arrangement satisfaction | ||||||||
Satisfied | 11,766 (77.6) | 555 | 5.6 | 273.48 (< 0.001) | 12,230 (72.5) | 724 | 7.6 | 320.08 (< 0.001) |
Neutral | 2305 (17.6) | 224 | 11.4 | 2901 (21.1) | 273 | 9.9 | ||
Not satisfied | 611 (4.8) | 117 | 20.2 | 824 (6.4) | 183 | 26.7 | ||
Received ill-treatment | 537 (4.8) | 107 | 19.9 | 185.85 (< 0.001) | 733 (5.5) | 165 | 23.8 | 256.26 (< 0.001) |
Marital status | ||||||||
Currently married | 12,096 (81.1) | 691 | 7.0 | 19.43 (< 0.001) | 7420 (44.6) | 472 | 8.4 | 28.53 (< 0.001) |
Currently not married | 388 (2.4) | 26 | 5.7 | 403 (1.9) | 20 | 7.8 | ||
Widowed | 2198 (16.5) | 179 | 9.1 | 8132 (53.6) | 688 | 10.1 | ||
Working status | ||||||||
Currently working | 5963 (43.0) | 312 | 6.1 | 30.50 (< 0.001) | 2926 (19.2) | 215 | 10.7 | 26.65 (< 0.001) |
Currently not working | 5740 (39.8) | 427 | 8.6 | 4841 (32.3) | 433 | 11.5 | ||
Never worked | 722 (3.8) | 44 | 9.0 | 7818 (46.6) | 509 | 7.2 | ||
Retired | 2257 (13.4) | 113 | 6.9 | 370 (1.9) | 23 | 12.0 | ||
Household characteristics | ||||||||
Household MPCE quintile | ||||||||
Poorest | 2928 (20.9) | 173 | 7.3 | 10.67 (0.030) | 3351 (22.5) | 274 | 9.9 | 19.76 (0.001) |
Poorer | 2991 (21.7) | 162 | 5.7 | 3313 (21.7) | 248 | 9.2 | ||
Middle | 2978 (21.0) | 170 | 7.6 | 3277 (20.5) | 186 | 7.9 | ||
Richer | 2921 (19.4) | 182 | 7.4 | 3109 (19.3) | 235 | 9.4 | ||
Richest | 2864 (17.1) | 209 | 9.0 | 2905 (16.0) | 237 | 10.3 | ||
Religion of household | ||||||||
Hinduism | 10,785 (82.8) | 709 | 7.4 | 28.91 (< 0.001) | 11,674 (82.6) | 900 | 9.1 | 24.84 (< 0.001) |
Islam | 1751 (10.9) | 111 | 7.3 | 1871 (10.6) | 159 | 11.4 | ||
Others | 2146 (6.3) | 76 | 5.9 | 2410 (6.8) | 121 | 8.6 | ||
Caste of household | ||||||||
Scheduled Tribe | 2371 (7.7) | 71 | 4.0 | 56.84 (< 0.001) | 2654 (8.4) | 93 | 5.4 | 79.41 (< 0.001) |
Scheduled Caste | 2380 (19.0) | 175 | 9.6 | 2625 (19.0) | 239 | 10.0 | ||
Other Backward Class | 5634 (45.6) | 400 | 7.3 | 5960 (44.9) | 503 | 10.3 | ||
Others | 4297 (27.7) | 250 | 6.7 | 4716 (27.7) | 345 | 8.5 | ||
Rural place of residence | 9816 (72.7) | 647 | 7.8 | 12.33 (< 0.001) | 10,390 (69.3) | 869 | 10.7 | 40.75 (< 0.001) |
Overall | 14,682 | 896 | 7.3 | 15,955 | 1,180 | 9.3 | ||
