Table 2 Descriptive statistics of chemical parameters of groundwater samples collected from Supebeda, district Gariyaband, Chhattisgarh, India.
Parameter | BIS46 standards | FAO89 | Premonsoon | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Standards (usual range for irrigation use) | Range | Mean ± SD | % of sample above FAO89 Standards | |||||
AL | PL | AL | PL | |||||
Physical parameters | ||||||||
pH | 6.5–8.5 | 6.5–8.4 | 7.2–8.3 | 7.9 ± 0.3 | NIL | NIL | ||
EC | 1500a | 0–3000 | 313.0–3446.0 | 941 ± 795 | 11.11% (3) | 7.4% (2) | ||
TDS | 500 | 2000 | 0–2000 | 200.32–2205.44 | 602.2 ± 509.0 | 22.22% (6) | 11.11% (3) | 11.11% (3) |
TH | 200 | 600 | – | 65.0–755.0 | 257 ± 178 | 33.33% (9) | 11.11% (3) | – |
Major cations | ||||||||
Ca2+ | 75 | 200 | 0–400 | 20.0–214.0 | 67 ± 53 | 29.6% (8) | 3.7% (1) | NIL |
Mg2+ | 30 | 100 | 0–60 | 3.6–52.8 | 21 ± 13.2 | 11.11% (3) | NIL | NIL |
Na+ | 200a | 0–920 | 16.4–185.5 | 65 ± 43.9 | NIL | NIL | ||
K+ | 12a | – | 0.6–11.4 | 2.2 ± 2.1 | NIL | – | ||
Major anions | ||||||||
HCO3− | 500a | 0–610 | 85.0–519.0 | 297 ± 109 | 3.7% (1) | NIL | ||
Cl− | 250 | 1000 | 0–1063 | 7.1–408.3 | 73.8 ± 109.2 | 11.11% (3) | NIL | NIL |
SO42− | 200 | 400 | 0–960 | 4.8–105.5 | 29 ± 30.6 | NIL | NIL | NIL |
NO3− | 45 | 0–45 | 0–128.3 | 39 ± 40 | 37.0% (10) | 37.0% (10) | ||
F− | 1 | 1.5 | 0–20 | 0–1.9 | 0.9 ± 0.6 | 14.8% (4) | 25.9% (7) | NIL |
