Table 5 Rotated varimax component matrix of the analysed groundwater samples around village Supebeda in Chhattisgarh State, India.

Variable	PC1	PC2	PC3	Communality
pH	− 0.92	0.17	0.08	0.89
EC	0.89	0.42	0.03	0.98
TDS	0.89	0.42	0.03	0.98
TH	0.98	0.09	0.04	0.96
Ca²⁺	0.96	0.10	− 0.02	0.93
Mg²⁺	0.86	0.06	0.17	0.78
Na⁺	0.45	0.85	0.13	0.94
K⁺	0.18	0.08	0.79	0.67
HCO₃⁻	0.26	*0.74*	*0.50*	0.87
Cl⁻	0.93	0.31	− 0.02	0.97
SO₄²⁻	0.49	− 0.09	*− 0.59*	0.59
NO₃⁻	0.90	− 0.17	0.09	0.85
F⁻	− 0.45	0.77	− 0.07	0.81
Eigen values	7.48	2.41	1.29	11.19
% of variance	57.60	18.60	9.90
Cumulative % of variance	57.60	76.20	86.10
Probable identified sources	Mixed factors (lithogenic and anthropogenic inputs)	Fluoride dissolution through rock-water interaction	Weathering of bedrocks, evapotranspiration and groundwater extraction

Bold indicates strong loading between parameters. Bold-Italics indicates moderate loading between parameters.
PC Principal component.

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