Table 8 Results of SDM model robustness test based on different regions.
Variables | Eastern regions | Central regions | West regions |
|---|---|---|---|
Direct effect | |||
Inpatent | − 0.25*** (0.05) | − 0.19*** (0.08) | − 0.37*** (0.20) |
Inhedu | − 0.27* (0.20) | − 0.06 (0.33) | − 1.36*** (0.496) |
rd | − 0.19*** (0.04) | − 0.12 (0.15) | − 0.45*** (0.26) |
urban | − 0.05*** (0.01) | 0.01 (0.02) | − 0.18*** (0.03) |
Intec | 0.81*** (0.09) | 0.95*** (0.18) | 1.65*** (0.30) |
trand | 0.25*** (0.18) | 1.88 (1.29) | 2.17*** (1.28) |
Indirect effect | |||
Inpatent | 0.05 (0.05) | − 0.26*** (0.09) | 0.38*** (0.24) |
Inhedu | 0.47* (0.27) | 0.62 (0.63) | − 1.47*** (1.05) |
rd | 0.00 (0.06) | − 0.03 (0.19) | − 0.89 (0.59) |
urban | 0.02** (0.01) | − 0.01 (0.03) | 0.29*** (0.04) |
Intec | − 0.06 (0.12) | − 1.01*** (0.35) | 1.07 (0.74) |
trand | 0.41*** (0.22) | 6.87*** (1.96) | 1.29 (2.73) |
Total effect | |||
Inpatent | − 0.19*** (0.03) | − 0.46*** (0.09) | − 0.75*** (0.20) |
Inhedu | 0.74** (0.31) | 0.56 (0.90) | − 2.83*** (1.08) |
rd | − 0.19** (0.08) | − 0.15 (0.23) | − 1.34** (0.66) |
urban | − 0.03*** (0.01) | 0.00** (0.03) | − 0.11*** (0.04) |
Intec | 0.75*** (0.11) | 0.06*** (0.49) | 2.72*** (0.79) |
trand | − 0.65** (0.19) | 8.75*** (2.71) | − 3.46** (− 2.82) |
