Table 2 Evaluation index of salt cavern stability.

Displacement

Yang et al.²⁹

2009

The maximum displacement of caverns should not exceed 5% of the maximum cavern diameter

Zhang et al.³⁰

2017

The maximum displacement of single-well-vertical (SWV) caverns should not exceed 10% of the maximum cavern diameter

Wang et al.²⁶

2018

The maximum displacement of single-well-vertical (SWV) caverns should not exceed 5% of the maximum cavern diameter

Chen et al.³¹

2020

The maximum displacement of small-spacing two-well (SSTW) should not exceed 5% of the maximum cavern diameter

Li et al.¹⁰

2021

The maximum displacement of U-shaped horizontal (UHSC) caverns should not exceed 7% of the maximum cavern diameter

Dilatancy safety factor

Spiers et al.³²

1989

\(\sqrt {J_{2} } = 0.27I{}_{1} + 1.9\)

Ratigan et al.³³

1991

\(\sqrt {J_{2} } = 0.27I{}_{1}\)

Hunsche³⁴

1993

\(\sqrt {J_{2} } = - 2.286 \times 10^{3} \times I_{1}^{2} + 0.351 \times I_{1}\)

Spiers et al.³²

2004

\(\sqrt {J_{2} } = 12.04 - 9.104e^{{ - {0}{\text{.04931}}I_{1} }}\)

Alkan et al.³⁵

2007

\(\sqrt {J_{2} } = \frac{{0.54I{}_{1}}}{{1 + 0.013I_{1} }}\)

Labaune and Rouabhi³⁶

2018

\(\sqrt {J_{2} } = 0.25I{}_{1} + 1.44\)

Volume shrinkage

Bérest and Minh³⁷

1981

30-year volume shrinkage of salt cavern ≤ 30%

Hou and Wu³⁸

2003

30-year volume shrinkage of salt cavern ≤ 20%

Brouard et al.³⁹

2012

1-year volume shrinkage ≤ 1%, 30-year volume shrinkage ≤ 30%

Liu et al.⁴⁰

2018

1-year volume shrinkage ≤ 1%, 5-year volume shrinkage ≤ 5%, 30-year volume shrinkage ≤ 30%

Chen et al.³¹

2020

1-year volume shrinkage ≤ 1%, 30-year volume shrinkage ≤ 30%

Plastic zone

Wang et al.⁴¹

2015

\(f^{s} = \sigma_{1} - \frac{1 + \sin \varphi }{{1 - \sin \varphi }}\sigma_{3} - \frac{2c \cdot \cos }{{1 - \sin \varphi }}\), \(f^{t} = \sigma_{t} - \sigma_{3}\)

Ma et al.⁴²

2015

\(f^{s} = \sigma_{1} - \frac{1 + \sin \varphi }{{1 - \sin \varphi }}\sigma_{3} - \frac{2c \cdot \cos }{{1 - \sin \varphi }}\), \(f^{t} = \sigma_{t} - \sigma_{3}\)

Yang et al.⁴³

2016

\(\frac{1}{2}(\sigma_{1} - \sigma_{3} ) = C\cos \varphi - \frac{1}{2}(\sigma_{1} + \sigma_{3} )\sin \varphi\)

Zhang et al.³⁰

2017

\(\frac{1}{2}(\sigma_{1} - \sigma_{3} ) = C\cos \varphi - \frac{1}{2}(\sigma_{1} + \sigma_{3} )\sin \varphi\)

Liu et al.⁴⁴

2020

\(f^{s} = \sigma_{1} - \frac{1 + \sin \varphi }{{1 - \sin \varphi }}\sigma_{3} - \frac{2c \cdot \cos }{{1 - \sin \varphi }}\), \(f^{t} = \sigma_{t} - \sigma_{3}\)