Table 2 Analysis of chemical parameters of industrial effluents of sunder industrial estate, Lahore.

Temperature (°C)

29.00 ± 1.00^a

30.00 ± 1.00^a

30.00 ± .1.30^a

28.00 ± 1.00^a

26.00 ± 5^a

pH

8.90 ± 0.51^a

6.80 ± 0.43^c

7.60 ± 0.30^b

7.10 ± 0.08^b

7.00 ± 0.5^b

Electrical Conductivity (μ S cm⁻¹)

1629 ± 20.53^b

1686.33 ± 13.76^b

1352 ± 10.66^c

1961 ± 42.96^a

627.67 ± 2.52^d

TDS (mg L⁻¹)

1401.13 ± 50.42^a

1393.5 ± 37.96^a

919.56 ± 10.08^b

1686.73 ± 36.64^a

356.87 ± 303.86^c

Total Salinity (mg L⁻¹)

1.37 ± 0.25^b

1.38 ± 0.27^b

6.3 ± 1.20^a

1.66 ± 0.13^b

5.33 ± 1^a

CO₂ (mg L⁻¹)

200 ± 4.47^a

200 ± 4.47^a

280 ± 2.25^a

220 ± 22.36^a

200 ± 5^a

Chloride (mg L⁻¹)

1250.64 ± 150.93^a

445.17 ± 57.64^c

1000 ± 5.67^b

347.12 ± 96.51^c

350 ± 5^c

Mg (mg L⁻¹)

346.67 ± 18.71^ab

90 ± 98.64^c

250 ± 3.40^bc

460.83 ± 88.68^a

220 ± 5^bc

Ca (mg L⁻¹)

370 ± 11.83^b

720 ± 16.29^a

380 ± 2.25^b

333.33 ± 36.97^b

213.33 ± 12.58^c

Total Alkalinity (mg L⁻¹)

807 ± 21.32^c

1111 ± 14.21^a

700 ± 18.50^d

909.50 ± 28.22^b

680 ± 5^d

Carbon Alkalinity (mg L⁻¹)

807.50 ± 12.40^b

204 ± 16.20^d

559 ± 10.69^d

909.5 0 ± 28.22^a

680 ± 5^c

Total Hardness (mg L⁻¹)

716.67 ± 139^ab

560 ± 44.04^bc

845 ± 15.57^a

790 ± 120.58^ab

420 ± 5.00^c

Nitrate–N (mg L⁻¹)

10.65 ± 0.54^a

5.31 ± 0.39^ab

4.67 ± 0.20^ab

2.59 ± 0.36^c

10 ± 5^a

Ammonia (mg L⁻¹)

2.5^a

2.5^a

2.5^a

2.5^a

0.3^b

Phosphate (mg L⁻¹)

2.25 ± 0.15^a

0.73 ± 0.02^b

0.62 ± 0.03^bc

0.53 ± 0.01^c

0.02 ± 0.01^d

Sulphates (mg L⁻¹)

180 ± 1.37^b

194 ± 1.69^a

117 ± 1.00^c

123 ± 1.50^c

60 ± 10^d