Figure 2

Urine biomarkers accurately differentiate acute and chronic/end-stage kidney disease from healthy controls. In the upper section, t-SNE plots depict the separation between acute kidney injury (AKI) patients or chronic/end-stage (CKD/ESKD) kidney patients and healthy controls (HC). Subjects plotted in 2D following dimensionality reduction of their respective proteomes by t-SNE. Axes are dimensionless. The dimensionality reduction shows that based on urine proteome, the two cohorts were distinct and easily separable. A) Blue dots represent AKI patients and green dots represent HC subjects. B) Urine biomarkers distinguishing AKI patients from HC subjects in order of importance. C) Pink dots represent CKD/ESKD patients and green dots represent healthy controls. Five CKD/ESKD patients visually resembled HC subjects (refer to Supplementary Table 6). D) Urine biomarkers distinguishing CKD/ESRD patients from HC subjects in order of importance.