Table 1 Patient demographic, clinical and laboratory data.
From: A novel multiplex biomarker panel for profiling human acute and chronic kidney disease
Clinical variables | Healthy control | AKI (COVID-19) | CKD/ESKD |
|---|---|---|---|
n | 8 | 8 | 21 |
Age, yr, median (IQR) | 51.0 (38.5–57.5) | 65.5 (58.5–73.0) | 65.0 (50.0–71.5) |
Sex, female: male | 5:3 | 1:7 | 7:14 |
BMI, median (IQR) | 26.4 (21.6–30.5) | 29.1 (27.4–33.3) | 28.3 (23.9–33.5) |
MODS, median (IQR) | – | 7.0 (6.0–7.0) | – |
SOFA, median (IQR) | – | 8.0 (8.0–10.5) | – |
APACHEII, median (IQR) | – | 15.0 (13.0–20.0) | – |
AKIN, median (IQR) | – | 3.0 (1.5–3.0) | – |
Comorbidities, n (%) | |||
Hypertension | – | 4 (50.0) | 18 (85.7) |
Diabetes | – | 4 (50.0) | 8 (38.1) |
CAD | – | 1 (12.5) | 7 (33.3) |
CHF | – | 0 (0) | 5 (23.8) |
Cancer | – | 0 (0) | 1 (4.7) |
COPD | – | 0 (0) | 2 (9.5) |
Asthma | – | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
Cirrhosis | – | 0 (0) | 1 (4.7) |
CKD | – | 0 (0) | 2 (9.5) |
ESRD | – | 0 (0) | 19 (90.5) |
IHD | – | – | 16 (76.1) |
Transplant | – | – | 3 (14.3) |
Interventions, n (%) | |||
Intubation | – | 8 (100) | – |
Vasopressors | – | 8 (100) | – |
Antibiotics | – | 8 (100) | – |
Steroid | – | 8 (100) | – |
Tocilizumab | – | 1 (12.5) | – |
Haematology, median (IQR) | |||
Hemoglobin | 139.0 (130.5–159.5) | 86.0 (84.0–114.0) | 116.0 (106.0–135.0) |
Leukocytes | – | 14.6 (11.6–20.5) | 6.7 (5.5–9.2) |
Lymphocytes | – | 0.7 (0.6–1.8) | 1.3 (0.8–2.0) |
Platelets | – | 237.0 (216.5–270.5) | 235.0 (181.0–269.0) |
Electrolytes, median (IQR) | |||
Sodium | 140.5 (139.0–141.5) | 135.0 (133.0–141.0) | 139.0 (136.5–141.0) |
Potassium | 3.9 (3.6–4.2) | 4.3 (3.9–4.6) | 4.2 (3.8–4.9) |
Chloride | – | 96.0 (95.0–98.5) | 93.5 (91.5–95.5) |
Bicarbonate | 25.0 (24.0–27.0) | 24.5 (22.5–33.0) | 26.0 (25.0–28.5) |
Calcium | 2.3 (2.3–2.5) | 2.0 (1.9–2.1) | 2.4 (2.3–2.4) |
Phosphate | 0.9 (0.8–1.2) | 1.2 (1.0–1.7) | 1.5 (1.2–1.8) |
Magnesium | – | 0.9 (0.8–1.1) | – |
Parathyroid hormone | 4.0 (3.5–4.5) | – | 25.6 (15.0–64.5) |
Biochemistry, median (IQR) | |||
INR | – | 1.2 (1.1–1.3) | – |
PTT | – | 28.5 (25.0–67.0) | – |
Glucose | – | 7.0 (5.8–9.2) | 5.8 (5.2–9.0) |
Bilirubin | – | 8.8 (6.0–13.9) | – |
AST | – | 48.0 (40.0–79.5) | – |
ALT | – | 36.5 (30.0–102.0) | – |
ALP | – | 131.5 (106.5–147.5) | – |
GGT | – | 139.0 (73.0–510.0) | – |
LDH | – | 456.5 (351.0–648.0) | – |
CRP | – | 131.5 (40.3–180.5) | 3.8 (1.7–14.6) |
Ferritin | – | 1106.5 (796.5–1936.0) | – |
Troponin | – | 61.0 (20.5–191.0) | – |
Lactate | – | 1.5 (1.2–1.9) | – |
D-Dimer | – | 3222.5 (2578.5–7029.5) | – |
Albumin | – | 24.5 (21.5–25.5) | – |
Renal function, median (IQR) | |||
Serum Urea | 4.9 (3.9–6.3) | 16.5 (12.3–24.0) | 13.6 (8.4–17.1) |
Serum Creatinine | 68.5 (58.5–75.5) | 85.0 (70.0–241.5) | 455.0 (268.5–557.0) |
Serum Cystatin-C | 0.8 (0.8–0.9) | – | 5.1 (3.7–5.6) |
Urine Creatinine | 17.5 (10.8–23.9) | 4.1 (2.7–8.1) | 7.9 (4.1–9.8) |
Urine Sodium | 86.5 (72.0–116.5) | 81.5 (29.0–109.0) | 68.0 (41.5–84.0) |
Urine Microalbumin/creatinine | 0.4 (0.4–1.0) | 56.5 (43.0–111.0) | 50.5 (11.7–308.0) |
CKD-EPI Creatinine | 102.5 (86.0–107.0) | – | 12.0 (8.5–17.0) |
CKD-EPI Creatinine/cystatin | 100.0 (93.0–104.0) | – | 10.0 (7.0–12.5) |
CKD-EPI Cystatin-C | 89.5 (94.5–98.5) | – | 8.0 (7.0–11.5) |
LOS, median (IQR) | |||
ICU | – | 19.5 (13.0–27.5) | – |
Hospital | – | 19.5 (13.0–28.5) | – |
Outcome, n (%) | |||
Alive | 8 (100) | 1 (12.5) | 21 (100) |
Dead | 0 (0) | 7 (87.5) | 0 (0) |
