Table 2 Plasma biomarker values (pg/ml).

From: A novel multiplex biomarker panel for profiling human acute and chronic kidney disease

Protein

Healthy controls (n = 8)

AKI (COVID-19) (n = 8)

CKD/ESKD (n = 21)

P-value

KIM-1

274.5 (230.6–288.4)

742.9 (625.6–1324.1)

582.5 (278.5–789.4)

0.002

NAG

0 (0–0)

0 (0–1218.2)

0 (0–0)

0.299

Calbindin

3.6 (0–20.0)

88.9 (59.2–275.9)

37.5 (12.5–70.7)

< 0.001

GSTA1

202.8 (157.4–314.9)

652.0 (505.0–718.6)

436.5 (201.8–540.7)

< 0.001

Osteoactivin

195.3 (155.1–217.0)

501.5 (380.6–1217.9)

493.0 (324.3–883.5)

0.003

Renin

37.1 (27.1–59.6)

670.4 (342.9–2539.6)

137.3 (99.5–326.7)

< 0.001

Clusterin

264,584 (221,595–351,445)

593,503 (448,604–709,786)

470,516 (328,132–677,194)

0.004

RBP4

77,963 (54,925–125,445)

221,824 (143,659–404,136)

203,704 (75,150–342,768)

0.083

IL-18

24.5 (19.3–29.9)

185.3 (162.3–249.4)

84.6 (39.7–109.5)

< 0.001

IP-10

4.4 (3.7–5.5)

95.5 (71.8–146.2)

12.3 (7.1–16.8)

< 0.001

EGF

2.1 (0.1–5.3)

19.3 (15.3–23.3)

13.3 (1.8–17.8)

0.001

MCP-1

12.0 (8.6–15.0)

227.8 (57.7–424.3)

33.3 (20.0–66.2)

< 0.001

VEGF-A

35.6 (34.0–41.6)

430.4 (217.2–678.5)

673.4 (286.2–806.1)

< 0.001

Uromodulin

103.0 (0–199.7)

605.6 (0–776.0)

1308.5 (674.7–1617.3)

< 0.001

α1-microglobulin

775.3 (520.3–1122.8)

479.7 (294.0–914.4)

4318.6 (2782.1–5212.4)

< 0.001

TFF3

3.1 (2.1–4.6)

13.8 (7.9–33.1)

55.1 (24.2–62.4)

< 0.001

Osteopontin

17.8 (15.3–23.4)

308.3 (243.3–527.8)

55.9 (29.5–78.1)

< 0.001

Cystatin C

207.9 (173.8–230.8)

269.86 (246.2–532.8)

563.4 (409.4–700.8)

< 0.001

NGAL

73.4 (58.4–110.7)

202.6 (161.9–355.0)

359.4 (259.6–520.4)

< 0.001

β2-microglobulin

913.0 (751.0–1136.7)

3700.7 (2361.7–4849.4)

4972.3 (3114.4–5763.0)

< 0.001

TIMP-1

34.5 (32.4–41.5)

172.6 (130.1–278.3)

88.1 (62.9–98.3)

< 0.001

  1. Data are indicated by median (IQR).
  2. Bold indicates statistically significant P values.