Table 4 Comparison of statistical significance of differences in seed germination parameters across the varying concentrations.

Control (0 ppm)

96.66 ± 5.77^a

4.24 ± 1.43^a

26.79 ± 5.67^a

19.21 ± 4.71^a

SeO₃²⁻ (0.1 ppm)

83.33 ± 5.77^a

4.16 ± 1.4^a

24.78 ± 5.99^a

17.95 ± 5.14^a

abiotic-SeNPs (0.1 ppm)

96.66 ± 5.77^a

4.1 ± 1.52^a

27.77 ± 5.71^a

20.74 ± 4.79^a

chemical-SeNPs (0.1 ppm)

96.66 ± 5.77^a

4.14 ± 1.38^a

27.14 ± 7.61^a

20.91 ± 5.06^a

SeO₃²⁻ (1 ppm)

60 ± 10^b

2.61 ± 1.33^b

20.62 ± 5.96^b

12.97 ± 5.29^b

abiotic-SeNPs (1 ppm)

96.66 ± 5.77^a

4.71 ± 1.72^ab

29.38 ± 5.96^a

21.89 ± 5.01^a

chemical-SeNPs (1 ppm)

93.33 ± 5.77^a

4.79 ± 1.42^ab

29.57 ± 6.08^a

22.21 ± 5.06^a

SeO₃²⁻ (10 ppm)

13.33 ± 5.77^c

1.75 ± 0.96^c

4.38 ± 1.08^c

2.98 ± 1.16^c

abiotic-SeNPs (10 ppm)

96.66 ± 5.77^d

7.36 ± 1.33^d

37.52 ± 6.61^d

28.83 ± 5.72^d

chemical-SeNPs (10 ppm)

93.33 ± 5.77^d

6.93 ± 1.46^d

35.89 ± 6.59^d

27.79 ± 5.84^d

SeO₃²⁻ (100 ppm)

0^e

0^e

0^e

0^e

abiotic-SeNPs (100 ppm)

80 ± 10^a

4.33 ± 1.05^a

25.53 ± 5.04^a

18.49 ± 4.71^a

chemical-SeNPs (100 ppm)

83.33 ± 5.77^a

4.53 ± 1.41^a

27.97 ± 5.08^a

20.766 ± 4.66 ^a