Table 3 Symbols, meanings and values of parameters in phenomenological model for crystal plasticity used in this study.

From: Crystal plasticity simulations with representative volume element of as-build laser powder bed fusion materials

Value

Definition

IN738LC

Cracks: dilatational18,33

Variable

\(\alpha \)

Slip system

  

\({\tau }^{\alpha }\)

Resolved shear stress (analogous to Schmid’s law)

  

\({m}^{\alpha }\)

Vector in slip/shear direction

  

\({n}^{\alpha }\)

Vector along plane normal of the respective slip system

  

\({\dot{\gamma }}^{\alpha }\)

Plastic shear rate on each slip system

  

\({\dot{\tau }}_{0}^{\alpha }\)

Hardening/resistance behavior/kinetics of a slip system

  

\({h}_{{aa}{\prime}}\)

Hardening matrix

  

Parameter

\(a\)

Slip hardening

0.01

2

\(n\)

Strain rate sensitivity

5

20

\({q}_{{aa}{\prime}}\)

Latent hardening for (coplanar) and [otherwise] slips

(1, 1), [1.4, 1.4, 1.4, 1.4]

 

\({\dot{\gamma }}_{0}\)

Reference shear rate, s-1

0.001

0.001

\({\tau }_{0}^{\alpha }\)

Initial slip resistance to plastic flow, MPa

400

0.3

\({\tau }_{\infty }\)

Saturation stress or resistance to plastic flow, MPa

600

0.6

\({h}_{0}\)

Slip hardening, MPa

700

1

C11

Elastic stiffness constants from elasticity matrix, GPa

252 (280.27)

10

C12

172 (190.99)

0

C44

114 (127.06)

5

\(Latt\_str\)

Lattice structure

fcc

 

\(Nslip\)

Number of slip systems

12

 
  1. The values for IN738LC correspond to the simulated/predicted SSC shown in Fig. 8a. The elastic constants in brackets are literature data30,31. The reference parameters for cracks are also listed. See text for more details and Fig. 7 with additional examples.