Figure 4

(A) Volcano plot of differential bacterial operational taxonomic unit abundance, between samples from LS participants with and without history cancer. Red dots indicate differentially abundant bacteria with a p-value < 0.05 and log2 fold change > 1.5 and < − 1.5, respectively (detected by the DeSeq2 algorithm (Wald test, p < 0.05)). (B) Boxplots showing differential abundances of four bacterial taxonomic units comparing LS participants depending on cancer history status within, data represent the median (line in box), IQR (box), and minimum/maximum (whiskers) (Wald test, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01). (C) Venn diagram showing the number and percentages of bacterial operational taxonomic units enriched in LS participants, enriched in LS with a history of cancer, and enriched in both groups.